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Revision help links for separate Gateway science OCR GCSE 9-1 Chemistry PAPER 2
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Revision summary help for the OCR Gateway Science GCSE 9-1 CHEMISTRY A 2nd Exam paper - learning objectives for exam papers OCR Level 1/2 GCSE (Grade 9-1) in Chemistry A (Gateway Science) (J248) Foundation Tier Paper 2/Higher Tier Paper 4 - OCR (Grade 9-1) Gateway GCSE Chemistry A Topic C4 "Predicting and identifying reactions and products", Topic C5 "Monitoring and controlling chemical reactions", Topic C6 "Global challenges", Topic C7 "Practical skills" for Gateway 2020 GCSE chemistry exam papers onwards LINK for OCR Gateway Science GCSE CHEMISTRY 1st paper C1-3, C7 LINK GCSE Gateway Combined Science 1st chemistry paper C1-3, CS7 LINK GCSE Gateway Combined Science 2nd chemistry paper C1-6, CS7 This is a BIG website, you need to take time to explore it [SEARCH BOX] Use your mobile phone or ipad etc. in 'landscape' orientation See also OCR 21st Century Sciences B Revision Links email doc brown - query? or comment? For ALL other exam papers, use and bookmark the link below
Syllabus-specification CONTENT INDEX of revision summary notes Revision summaries for OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway Science CHEMISTRY A FT Paper 1/HT Paper 3 (separate page) What is assessed in this paper? (for OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway separate science GCSE CHEMISTRY) The 1st chemistry paper assesses Topics C1, C2, C3 and C7 Revision SUMMARY of Topic C1: Particles:
Revision SUMMARY of Topic C2: Elements, compounds and mixtures:
Revision SUMMARY of Topic C3: Chemical reactions:
Revision Topic C7 Practical skills Summaries for OCR Gateway Science GCSE 9-1 CHEMISTRY A FT Paper 2/HT Paper 4 (this page) What is assessed in this paper? (for OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway separate science GCSE CHEMISTRY) 2nd chemistry paper assesses Topics C4, C5, C6 and C7, BUT assumes knowledge of Topics C1, C2, C3 Revision SUMMARY of Topic C4: Predicting and identifying reactions and products:
Revision SUMMARY of Topic C5: Monitoring and controlling chemical reactions:
Revision SUMMARY of Topic C6: Global challenges:
Revision Topic C7 Practical skills Topic C4 TOPICS for OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway Science GCSE CHEMISTRY A FT Paper 2/HT Paper 4 The 2nd chemistry paper assesses Topics C4, C5, C6 and C7, BUT assumes knowledge of Topics C1, C2 and C3 Topic C4 Predicting and identifying reactions and products (Revision for OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway Science GCSE CHEMISTRY A 2nd paper, Topic C4 "Predicting and identifying reactions and products") OCR Gateway Science GCSE 9-1 Separate Chemistry Topic C4 "Predicting and identifying reactions and products" quiz content for chemistry: periodic table, group 1 alkali metals, group 7 halogens, group 0 noble gases, chemical tests for ions - cations and anions, physical and chemical properties of transition metal ions, reactivity series of metals (higher tier HT/foundation tier FT)
for HT
for FT
HT = higher tier (harder - usually more theory & depth) and FT = foundation tier (easier) 1st drafts Gateway chemistry quizzes C4.1 Predicting chemical reactions (OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway Science GCSE CHEMISTRY A 2nd paper) (Revision for OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway Science GCSE CHEMISTRY A 2nd paper, Topic C4 "Predicting and identifying reactions and products") Models of how substances react and the different types of chemical reactions that can occur enable us to predict the likelihood and outcome of a chemical reaction. The current Periodic Table was developed based on observations of the similarities and differences in the properties of elements. The way that the Periodic Table is arranged into groups and periods reveals the trends and patterns in the behaviour of the elements. The model of atomic structure provides an explanation for trends and patterns in the properties of elements. The arrangement of elements in groups and periods reveals the relationship between observable properties and how electrons are arranged in the atoms of each element. You should be familiar with the principles underpinning the Mendeleev Periodic Table; the Periodic Table: periods and groups; metals and non-metals; the varying physical and chemical properties of different elements; the chemical properties of metals and non-metals; the chemical properties of metal and non-metal oxides with respect to acidity and how patterns in reactions can be predicted with reference to the Periodic Table. Don't confuse state changes and dissolving with chemical changes and realise that solid products of an oxidation reaction have more mass than the starting solid.
C4.1a Know the simple properties of Groups 1, 7 and 0 including physical and chemical properties.
C4.1b Be able to explain how observed simple properties of Groups 1, 7 and 0 depend on the outer shell of electrons of the atoms (relate chemistry to ease of electron gain or loss) and predict properties from given trends down the groups e.g. physical property and chemical properties and reactivity trends.
C4.1c Know the general properties of transition metals and their compounds and exemplify these by reference to a small number of transition metals. Properties to consider - melting point, density, reactivity, formation of coloured ions with different charges and uses as catalysts.
C4.1d Be able to predict possible reactions and probable reactivity of elements from their positions in the Periodic Table
C4.1e Be able to explain how the reactivity of metals with water or dilute acids is related to the tendency of the metal to form its positive ion.
C4.1f Be able to deduce an order of reactivity of metals based on experimental results.
C4.2 Identifying the products of chemical reactions (Revision for OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway Science GCSE CHEMISTRY A 2nd paper, Topic C4 "Predicting and identifying reactions and products") Know that types of substances can be classified according to their general physical and chemical properties. You will explore the tests that can be used to identify the products of reactions by looking at their physical and chemical properties. You should be familiar with cations and anions from your work on electrolysis. Common misconceptions - when a gas is produced the reaction has lost mass overall. You need to be able to interpret charts, particularly in spectroscopy C4.2a Be able to describe tests to identify the selected gases oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and chlorine C4.2b Be able to describe tests to identify aqueous cations and aqueous anions - calcium, copper, iron (II), iron (III) and zinc using sodium hydroxide; carbonates and sulfates using aqueous barium chloride followed by hydrochloric acid; chloride, bromide and iodide using silver nitrate.
C4.2c Be able to describe how to perform a flame test. Practical - flame tests. C4.2d identify species from test results.
C4.2e Be able to interpret flame tests to identify metal ions including the ions of lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and copper C4.2f Be able to describe the advantages of instrumental methods of analysis eg greater sensitivity, accuracy and speed C4.2g Be able to interpret an instrumental result given appropriate data in chart or tabular form, when accompanied by a reference set of data in the same form
Topic C5 Monitoring and controlling chemical reactions (Revision for OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway Science GCSE CHEMISTRY A 2nd paper, Topic C5 "Monitoring and controlling chemical reactions") OCR Gateway Science GCSE 9-1 Separate Chemistry Topic C5 "Monitoring and controlling chemical reactions" quiz content for chemistry: reacting mass calculations of reactants and products, reversible reactions and chemical equilibrium, rates of chemical reaction factors - effect of changing pressure, concentration, temperature, using a catalyst (HT only) moles and molarity calculations, titration calculations, gas volume calculations, using Le Chatelier's principle to predict equilibrium position changes (higher tier HT/foundation tier FT)
for HT
for FT
HT = higher tier (harder - usually more theory & depth) and FT = foundation tier (easier) 1st drafts Gateway chemistry quizzes C5.1 Monitoring chemical reactions (Revision for OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway Science GCSE CHEMISTRY A 2nd paper, Topic C5 "Monitoring and controlling chemical reactions") This topic tackles the relationship of moles to the concentration of a solution and the volume of a gas. It also tackles the calculation of the mass of a substance in terms of its molarity. You then look at using equations to make prediction about yield by calculations and to calculate atom economy. You should be familiar with the mole from topic 3 and know that it measures the amount of something. You should be familiar with representing chemical reactions using formulae and using equations. Common misconceptions - the most common problem you are likely to have is understanding ratios in calculations. Don't confuse moles and mass, they are not the same thing. Appreciate phrases such as ‘1 mole is 12 g of carbon, ‘1 mole is the relative atomic mass in grammes’ or ‘1 mol = 12 g C equating amount of substance to mass, portion of substance, number of particles (Avogadro’s number) or number of moles. Calculations may involve numbers written in standard form when using the Avogadro constant. Know how to provide answers to an appropriate number of significant figures, convert units where appropriate particularly from mass to moles, and be able to change the subject of a mathematical equation C5.1a (HT only) Be able to explain how the concentration of a solution in mol/dm3 is related to the mass of the solute and the volume of the solution. Practical - making standard solutions.
C5.1b Be able to describe the technique of titration.
C5.1c (HT only) Be able to explain the relationship between the volume of a solution of known concentration of a substance and the volume or concentration of another substance that react completely together including titration calculations.
C5.1d (HT only) Be able to describe the relationship between molar amounts of gases and their volumes and vice versa.
C5.1e (HT only) Be able to calculate the volumes of gases involved in reactions using the molar gas volume at room temperature and pressure (assumed to be 24dm3)
C5.1f (HT only) Be able to explain how the mass of a solute and the volume of the solution is related to the concentration of the solution (GCSE chemistry here, covered in Topic 3.1 in Combined Science)
C5.1g Be able to calculate the theoretical amount of a product from a given amount of reactant.
C5.1h Be able to calculate the percentage yield of a reaction product from the actual yield of a reaction.
C5.1i Be able to define the atom economy of a reaction.
C5.1j Be able to calculate the atom economy of a reaction to form a desired product from the balanced equation. C5.1k (HT only) Be able to explain why a particular reaction pathway is chosen to produce a specified product given appropriate data eg such as atom economy (if not calculated), yield, rate, equilibrium position and usefulness of by- products
C5.2 Controlling reactions (Revision for OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway Science GCSE CHEMISTRY A 2nd paper, Topic C5 "Monitoring and controlling chemical reactions") Know that the rate and yield of a chemical reaction can be altered by changing the physical conditions. You should be familiar with the action of catalysts in terms of rate of reaction. You should know the term surface area and what it means. Common misconceptions - misinterpreting rate graphs and think that catalysts in taking part in reaction and run out/get used up. You need to be able to draw and interpret appropriate graphs from data to determine rate of reaction, determining gradients of graphs as a measure of rate of change to determine rate. All help links at the end of section C5.2 C5.2aBe able to suggest practical methods for determining the rate of a given reaction. Rate of reaction experiments - disappearing cross experiment, reacting magnesium and acid or marble chip and acid. C5.2b Be able to interpret rate of reaction graphs. 1/t is proportional to rate and gradients of graphs (not order of reaction).
C5.2c Be able to describe the effect of changes in temperature, concentration, pressure, and surface area on rate of reaction.
C5.2d Be able to explain the effects on rates of reaction of changes in temperature, concentration and pressure in terms of frequency and energy of collision between particles.
C5.2e Be able to explain the effects on rates of reaction of changes in the size of the pieces of a reacting solid in terms of surface area to volume ratio. C5.2f Be able to describe the characteristics of catalysts and their effect on rates of reaction. C5.2g Be able to identify catalysts in reactions.
C5.2h Be able to explain catalytic action in terms of activation energy reaction profile C5.2i Know that enzymes act as catalysts in biological systems.
C5.3 Equilibria (Revision for OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway Science GCSE CHEMISTRY A 2nd paper, Topic C5 "Monitoring and controlling chemical reactions") Know that in a reaction, when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the backwards reaction, the reaction in a closed system is said to be in equilibrium. You should be familiar with representing chemical reactions using formulae and using equations. Common misconceptions - you may not recognise that when a dynamic equilibrium is set up in a reaction the concentration of the reactants and products remain constant, you may think that they are equal. Also, you might think a dynamic equilibrium as two reactions. C5.3a Know that some reactions may be reversed by altering the reaction conditions. C5.3b Know that dynamic equilibrium occurs in a closed system when the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal. C5.3c (HT only) Be able to predict the effect of changing reaction conditions on equilibrium position and be able to suggest appropriate conditions to produce as much of a particular product as possible.
Topic C6 Global challenges (OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway Science GCSE CHEMISTRY A 2nd paper, Topic C6 "Global challenges") This topic seeks to integrate your knowledge and understanding of chemical systems and processes, with the aim of applying it to global challenges. Applications of chemistry can be used to help humans improve their own lives and strive to create a sustainable world for future generations, and these challenges are considered in this topic. Many concepts you have learned through your chemistry course are brought together to look at particular problems and their solution. OCR Gateway Science GCSE 9-1 Separate Chemistry Topic C6 "Global challenges" quiz content for chemistry: (HT only) (higher tier HT/foundation tier FT)
for HT/FT students
Check you are doing the right quiz? Separate GCSE 9-1 CHEMISTRY (HT/FT) OR GCSE 9-1 Combined Science chemistry (HT/FT) HT = higher tier (harder - usually more theory & depth) and FT = foundation tier (easier) C6.1 Improving processes and products (Revision for OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway Science GCSE CHEMISTRY A 2nd paper, Topic C6 "Global challenges") Appreciate that historically new materials have been developed through trial and error, experience etc. but as our understanding of the structure of materials and chemical processes has improved we are increasing our ability to manipulate and design new materials. Industry is continually looking to make products that have a better performance and are sustainable to produce. This section also explores the extraction of raw materials and their use in making new products. You should be familiar with the properties of ceramics, polymers and composites. You also will have met the method of using carbon to obtain metals from metal oxides. Common misconceptions - you often think that chemical reactions will continue until all the reactants are exhausted and that equilibrium is a static condition. C6.1a Be able to explain, using the position of carbon in the reactivity series, the principles of industrial processes used to extract metals, including extraction of a non-ferrous metal.
C6.1b Be able to explain why and how electrolysis is used to extract some metals from their ores.
C6.1c (HT only) Be able to evaluate alternative biological methods of metal extraction including bacterial and phytoextraction.
C6.1d (HT only) Be able to explain the trade-off between rate of production of a desired product and position of equilibrium in some industrially important processes eg the Haber process and Contact process.
C6.1e (HT only) Be able to interpret graphs of reaction conditions versus rate.
C6.1f (HT only) Be able to explain how the commercially used conditions for an industrial process are related to the availability and cost of raw materials and energy supplies, control of equilibrium position and rate
C6.1g Be able to explain the importance of the Haber process in agricultural production.
C6.1h Be able to compare the industrial production of fertilisers with laboratory syntheses of the same products.
C6.1i Know the importance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compounds in agricultural production C6.1j Be able to describe the industrial production of fertilisers as several integrated processes using a variety of raw materials. C6.1k Be able to describe the basic principles in carrying out a life-cycle assessment of a material or product C6.1l Be able to interpret data from a life-cycle assessment of a material or product. C6.1m Be able to describe a process where a material or product is recycled for a different and explain why this is viable. C6.1n Be able to evaluate factors that affect decisions on recycling. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Industry - Economics & Sustainability, Life Cycle Assessment, Recycling Notes Products of the Chemical & Pharmaceutical Industries & Impact on Us and the Environment Revision Notes Economic & environmental issues on mineral extraction & reasons for recycling and methods Revision Notes C6.1o Be able to describe the composition of some important alloys in relation to their properties and uses - steel, brass, bronze, solder, duralumin.
C6.1p Be able to describe the process of corrosion and the conditions which cause corrosion in iron and other metals C6.1q Be able to explain how mitigation of corrosion is achieved by creating a physical barrier to oxygen and water and by sacrificial protection
C6.1r Be able to compare quantitatively the physical properties of glass and clay ceramics, polymers, composites and metals (see links below) C6.1s Be able to explain how the properties of materials are related to their uses and select appropriate materials given details of the usage required
C6.2 Organic chemistry (Revision for OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway Science GCSE CHEMISTRY A 2nd paper, Topic C6 "Global challenges") Appreciate that carbon chemistry is the basis of life on Earth. Organic chemistry is the basis of many of the materials we produce. Organic compounds are covalent in nature and react in a predictable pattern. Crude oil forms the basis of many useful by-products. You should be familiar with reactions and displayed formula. Common misconceptions - you tend not to bring the concepts from general Chemistry to your study of organic chemistry. You may have difficulty identifying functional groups and naming and drawing the compounds. Be able to represent three dimensional shapes in two dimensions and vice versa when looking at chemical structures. C6.2a Be able to recognise functional groups and identify members of the same homologous series - homologous series of alkanes, alkenes, alcohols and carboxylic acids
C6.2b Be able to name and draw the structural formulae, using fully displayed formulae, of the first four members of the straight chain alkanes, alkenes, alcohols and carboxylic acids.
C6.2c Be able to predict the formulae and structures of products of reactions of the first four and other given members of the homologous series of alkanes, alkenes and alcohols.
C6.2d Know the basic principles of addition polymerisation by reference to the functional group in the monomer and the repeating units in the polymer.
C6.2e (HT only) Be able to explain the basic principles of condensation polymerisation with reference to the functional groups of the monomers, the minimum number of functional groups within a monomer, the number of repeating units in the polymer, and simultaneous formation of a small molecule e.g. a polyester or polyamide, using block diagrams to represent polymers.
C6.2f (HT only) Be able to describe practical techniques to make a polymer by condensation and addition.
C6.2g Be able to deduce the structure of an addition polymer from a simple alkene monomer and vice versa using the following representation of a polymer [repeat unit]n
C6.2h Know that DNA is a polymer made from four different monomers called nucleotides and that other important naturally-occurring polymers are based on sugars and amino-acids the. Know the names of the nucleotides
C6.2i Know that it is the generality of reactions of functional groups that determine the reactions of organic compounds.
C6.2j Be able to describe the separation of crude oil by fractional distillation. Know the names of the fractions C6.2k Be able to explain the separation of crude oil by fractional distillation with reference to molecular size and intermolecular forces.
C6.2l Be able to describe the fractions as largely a mixture of compounds of formula CnH2n+2 which are members of the alkane homologous series
C6.2m Know that crude oil is a main source of hydrocarbons and is a feedstock for the petrochemical industry C6.2n Be able to explain how modern life is crucially dependent upon hydrocarbons and recognise that crude oil is a finite resource.
C6.2o Be able to describe the production of materials that are more useful by cracking. Know the conditions for cracking and reasons for cracking and some of the useful materials produced.
C6.2p Know that a chemical cell produces a potential difference until the reactants are used up C6.2q Be able to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen/oxygen and other fuel cells for given uses. Know the chemistry of the hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell.
C6.3 Interpreting and interacting with Earth systems (Revision for OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway Science GCSE CHEMISTRY A 2nd paper, Topic C6 "Global challenges") Appreciate as our understanding of the structure of materials and chemical processes has improved we are increasing our ability to interpret and understand biological and earth systems. Understanding how we interact with them is very important to our survival as a species. This section starts with the history of the atmosphere and moves on to how human activity could be affecting its composition. You should have some understanding of the composition of the Earth, the structure of the Earth, the rock cycle, the carbon cycle, the composition of the atmosphere and the impact of human activity on the climate. Common misconceptions - the atmosphere is large and that small increases of carbon dioxide or a few degree of temperature change do not make a difference to the climate, you may consider that global warming is caused by the ozone hole and that human activities alone cause the greenhouse effect. C6.3a interpret evidence for how it is thought the atmosphere was originally formed - knowledge of how the composition of the atmosphere has changed over time C6.3b Be able to describe how it is thought an oxygen-rich atmosphere developed over time.
C6.3c Be able to describe the greenhouse effect in terms of the interaction of radiation with matter within the atmosphere C6.3d evaluate the evidence for additional anthropogenic (human activity) causes of climate change and be able to describe the uncertainties in the evidence base - the correlation between change in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and the consumption of fossil fuels C6.3e Be able to describe the potential effects of increased levels of carbon dioxide and methane on the Earth’s climate and how these effects may be mitigated - consideration of scale, risk and environmental implications.
C6.3f Be able to describe the major sources of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and particulates in the atmosphere and be able to explain the problems caused by increased amounts of these substances
C6.3g Be able to describe the principal methods for increasing the availability of potable water in terms of the separation techniques - ease of treatment of waste, ground and salt water.
Topic C7 Practical skills
ALL OCR GCSE (Grade 9-1) Level 1/Level 2 GATEWAY SCIENCE A specifications and syllabus revision summary links OCR (Grade 9-1) GCSE Gateway science BIOLOGY A 1st GCSE BIOLOGY paper (separate science Topics B1-3) OCR (Grade 9-1) GCSE Gateway science BIOLOGY A 2nd GCSE BIOLOGY paper (separate science Topics B4-6) OCR (Grade 9-1) GCSE Gateway science PHYSICS A 1st GCSE PHYSICS paper (separate science Topics P1-4) OCR (Grade 9-1) GCSE Gateway science PHYSICS A 2nd GCSE PHYSICS paper (separate science Topics P5-8) Watch out for HT Only sections AND make sure you know exactly which GCSE science course you are doing! See also OCR 21st Century Sciences B Revision Links
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INDEX
for all links
Topic
C4 "Predicting & identifying reactions & products"
QUIZ (OCR Gateway GCSE Chemistry)
