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Revision help links: OCR GCSE Gateway Combined Science physics PAPER 2
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Revision summary help for the OCR GCSE 9-1 Gateway Combined Science A 2nd physics A exam paper - learning objectives for (re-edit) OCR Level 1/2 GCSE (Grade 9-1) in Combined Science A (Gateway Science) (J250) FT Paper 6/HT Paper 12 Physics - GCSE Gateway Combined Science Physics Topic P4 "Waves and radioactivity", Topic P5 "Energy", Topic P6 "Global challenges", Topic CS7 "Practical skills" for Gateway combined science 2020 physics exam papers onwards LINK GCSE Gateway Combined Science 1st physics paper P1-3, CS7 LINK for OCR Gateway Science GCSE PHYSICS A 1st paper P1-P4, P9 LINK for OCR Gateway Science GCSE PHYSICS A 2nd paper P1-P9 This is a BIG website, you need to take time to explore it [SEARCH BOX] Use your mobile phone in 'landscape' orientation? See also OCR 21st Century Sciences B Revision Links email doc brown - query? or comment? For ALL other exam papers, use and bookmark the link below PLEASE READ CAREFULLY THE FOLLOWING POINTS before using my OCR Gateway 9-1 GCSE science pages
Syllabus-specification CONTENT INDEX of revision summary notes OCR GCSE Gateway Combined Science physics FT Paper 5 or HT Paper 11 (separate page for Topics P1 to P3 + CS7) What is assessed in this 1st physics paper? (for OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway Combined Science A - biology topics) The 1st physics paper assesses Topics P1, P2, P3 and CS7 Revision SUMMARY for Topic P1 Matter Containing sections Revision SUMMARY for Topic P2: Forces Containing sections Revision SUMMARY for Topic P3 Electricity and Magnetism This Combined Science Topic combines parts of Topic 3 and Topic 4 in the separate science GCSE Physics course. Containing sections P3.3 Magnets and magnetic fields Revision for CS7 Practical skills GCSE Gateway Combined Science physics FT Paper 6 or HT Paper 12 (this page for Topics P4 to P6 + CS7 with assumed knowledge from Topics P1 to P3 + CS7) What is assessed in this 2nd physics paper? (for OCR 9-1 GCSE Gateway Combined Science A - biology topics) The 2nd physics paper assesses Topics P4, P5, P6, CS7, BUT assumes knowledge of Topics P1, P2 and P3 Revision SUMMARY for Topic P4 Waves and Radioactivity Contains sections P4.2 The electromagnetic spectrum, Revision SUMMARY for Topic P5 Energy (GCSE Combined Science) Containing sections Revision SUMMARY for Topic P6: Global challenges Containing sections Revision for CS7 Practical skills
OCR Gateway Combined Science A 2nd physics paper FT Paper 6 or HT Paper 12 Topic P4 Waves and Radioactivity (Revision for OCR Gateway Science GCSE 9-1 Combined Science A, 2nd physics paper Topic P4 "Waves and Radioactivity", papers 6/12) The 2nd physics paper assesses Topics P4, P5, P6, CS7, BUT assumes knowledge of Topics P1, P2 and P3 P4.1 Wave behaviour Waves are means of transferring energy and the two main types of wave are introduced in this section: mechanical and electromagnetic. This section considers both what these types of waves are and how they are used. The main terms used to describe waves are defined and exemplified in this topic. You should have prior knowledge of transverse and longitudinal waves through sound and light. You should be aware of how waves behave and how the speed of a wave may change as it passes through different media. You may already have knowledge of how sound is heard and the hearing ranges of different species. Common misconceptions - although you will often have heard of the terms ultrasound and sonar you may find it challenging to explain how images and traces are formed and to apply their understanding to calculations. You may misinterpret displacement distance and displacement time graphical presentations of waves. Know and be able to apply the equation:
P4.1a Be able to describe wave motion in terms of amplitude, wavelength, frequency and period.
P4.1b Be able to define wavelength and frequency P4.1c Be able to describe and be able to apply the relationship between these and the wave velocity.
P4.1d Be able to apply formulae relating velocity, frequency and wavelength P4.1e Be able to describe differences between transverse and longitudinal waves direction of travel and direction of vibration.
P4.1f Be able to describe how ripples on water surfaces are used to model transverse waves whilst sound waves in air are longitudinal waves, and how the speed of each may be measured.
P4.1g Be able to describe evidence that in both cases it is the wave and not the water or air itself that travels. General introduction to the properties of waves, types of waves and their effects, wave calculations Revision Notes Sound waves - properties explained, uses of sound including ultrasound Revision Notes
P4.2 The electromagnetic spectrum (Revision for OCR Gateway Science GCSE 9-1 Combined Science A, 2nd physics paper Topic P4 "Waves and Radioactivity", papers 6/12) Having looked at mechanical waves, waves in the electromagnetic spectrum are now considered. This section includes the application of electromagnetic waves with a specific focus on the behaviour of light as rays and waves and explores the application of other types of electromagnetic radiation for use in medical imaging. You may be familiar with uses of some types of radiation. Common misconceptions - you can have misconceptions such as gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared light, microwaves and radio waves being independent entities and not being able to relate it as a spectrum. You may struggle to link the features that waves have in common, alongside the differences and how these relate to their different properties. P4.2a Know that electromagnetic waves are transverse and are transmitted through space where all have the same velocity P4.2b Be able to explain that electromagnetic waves transfer energy from source to absorber - examples from a range of electromagnetic waves. P4.2c Be able to apply the relationships between frequency and wavelength across the electromagnetic spectrum. Investigation of electromagnetic waves on chocolate or processed cheese in a microwave to measure wavelength. P4.2d Be able to describe the main groupings of the electromagnetic spectrum and that these groupings range from long to short wavelengths and from low to high frequencies including radio, microwave, infra-red, visible (red to violet), ultra-violet, X-rays and gamma-rays
P4.2e Know that our eyes can only detect a limited range of the electromagnetic spectrum P4.2f Know that light is an electromagnetic wave P4.2g Be able to give examples of some practical uses of electromagnetic waves in the radio, micro-wave, infra-red, visible, ultra-violet, X-ray and gamma-ray regions.
P4.2h Be able to describe how ultra-violet waves, X-rays and gamma rays can have hazardous effects, notably on human bodily tissues.
P4.2i (HT only) Know that radio waves can be produced by, or can themselves induce, oscillations in electrical circuits P4.2j (HT only) Be able to recall that
different substances may absorb, transmit, refract, or reflect electromagnetic
waves in ways that vary with wavelength Electromagnetic radiation, types, properties, uses and the spectrum of visible light Revision Notes The dangers of radioactive emissions - health and safety issues and ionising radiation Revision Notes Illuminated and self-luminous objects, reflection of visible light, ray box experiments with mirrors, ray diagrams explained, uses of mirrors gcse physics revision notes Refraction and diffraction, the visible light spectrum, prism investigations, ray diagrams explained gcse physics The visible spectrum of colour, light filters and explaining the colour of objects gcse physics revision notes
P4.3 Radioactivity (Revision for OCR Gateway Science GCSE 9-1 Combined Science A, 2nd physics paper Topic P4 "Waves and Radioactivity", papers 6/12) In this 'radioactivity' topic the idea of isotopes is introduced, leading into looking at the different types of emissions from atoms. You should have prior understanding of the atomic model, chemical symbols and formulae. Common misconceptions - you may tend to struggle with the concept that radioactivity is a random and unpredictable process and the idea of half-life is another area that can lead to confusion. You may find it difficult to understand that objects being irradiated does not lead to them becoming radioactive. P4.3a Know that atomic nuclei are composed of both protons and neutrons, that the nucleus of each element has a characteristic positive charge. P4.3b Know that atoms of the same elements can differ in nuclear mass by having different numbers of neutrons. P4.3c Be able to use the conventional representation for nuclei to relate the differences between isotopes including identities, charges and masses. P4.3d Know that some nuclei are unstable and may emit alpha particles, beta particles, or neutrons, and electromagnetic radiation as gamma rays.
P4.3e Be able to relate these emissions to possible changes in the mass or the charge of the nucleus, or both. P4.3f Be able to use names and symbols of common nuclei and particles to write balanced equations that represent radioactive decay P4.3g Be able to balance equations representing the emission of alpha-, beta- or gamma-radiations in terms of the masses, and charges of the atoms involved. What is Radioactivity? Why does it happen? Three types of atomic-nuclear-ionising radiation Revision Notes Ionising radiation sources - radioactive materials, background radiation Revision Notes Alpha, beta & gamma radiation - properties of 3 types of radioactive nuclear emission & symbols Revision Notes What actually happens to the nucleus in alpha and beta radioactive decay? nuclear equations! Revision Notes P4.3h Know that in each atom its electrons are arranged at different distances from the nucleus, that such arrangements may change with absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation and that atoms can become ions by loss of outer electrons. Know that inner electrons can be 'excited' when they absorb energy from radiation and rise to a higher energy level. When this energy is lost by the electron it is emitted as radiation. When outer electrons are lost this is called ionisation. P4.3i Know that changes in atoms and nuclei can also generate and absorb radiations over a wide frequency range. Understand that these types of radiation may be from any part of the electromagnetic spectrum which includes gamma rays.
P4.3j Be able to explain the concept of half-life and how this is related to the random nature of radioactive decay. Using dice to model random decay and half-life.
The half-life of a radioisotope - how long does material remain radioactive? implications! Revision Notes Uses of decay data and half-life values archaeological radiocarbon dating, dating rocks Revision Notes P4.3k (HT only) Be able to calculate the net decline, expressed as a ratio, during radioactive emission after a given (integral) number of half-lives. Be able to understand and interpret half-life graphs. P4.3l Know the differences in the penetration properties of alpha-particles, beta-particles and gamma-rays.
Alpha, beta & gamma radiation - properties of 3 types of radioactive nuclear emission & symbols Revision Notes P4.3m Know the differences between contamination and irradiation effects and compare the hazards associated with these two. Use of spark chamber to demonstrate a different type of activity counter
Topic P5: ENERGY (Revision for OCR Gateway Science GCSE 9-1 Combined Science A, 2nd physics paper Topic P5 "Waves and Radioactivity", papers 6/12) P5.1 Work done This topic looks at how energy can be stored and transferred. You may have prior knowledge of energy listed as nine types but you need to be able to approach systems in terms of energy transfers and stores as well as energy being transferred in processes such as changing motion, burning fuels and in electrical circuits. You should be aware of the idea of conservation of energy and that it has a quantity that can be calculated. Common misconceptions: You may have
misconceptions around energy being a fuel-like substance that matter has to ‘use
up’, that resting objects do not have any energy and that all energy is
transferred efficiently. You may also confuse forces and energy. P5.1a Be able to describe for situations where there are energy transfers in a system, that there is no net change to the total energy of a closed system (qualitative only) - know the law of conservation of energy P5.1b Be able to describe all the changes involved in the way energy is stored when a system changes for common situations eg an object projected upwards or up a slope, a moving object hitting an obstacle, an object being accelerated by a constant force, a vehicle slowing down, bringing water to a boil in an electric kettle.
P5.1c Be able to describe the changes in energy involved when a system is changed by heating (in terms of temperature change and specific heat capacity), by work done by forces, and by work done when a current flows. P5.1d Be able to make calculations of the energy changes associated with changes in a system, knowing or selecting the relevant equations for mechanical, electrical, and thermal processes; thereby express in quantitative form and on a common scale the overall redistribution of energy in the system. You need to consider work done by forces, current flow and through heating and the use of kWh to measure energy use in electrical appliances in the home
P5.1e Be able to calculate the amounts of energy associated with a moving body, a stretched spring and an object raised above ground level. Practical - use of light gates and trolleys to investigate kinetic energy.
FORCES 2. Mass and the effect of gravity force on it - weight, (mention of work done and GPE) Revision Notes Elastic potential energy stores and calculations Electrical & electrostatic energy stores Gravitational potential energy and calculations Kinetic energy stores and calculations
P5.2 Power and efficiency (Revision for OCR Gateway Science GCSE 9-1 Combined Science A, 2nd physics paper Topic P5 "Waves and Radioactivity", papers 6/12) This topic considers the idea of conservation and dissipation of energy in systems and how this leads to the efficiency. Ways of reducing unwanted energy transfers and thereby increasing efficiency will be explored. You should be aware of the transfer of energies into useful and waste energies and have an understanding of power and how domestic appliances can be compared. You will have knowledge of insulators and how energy transfer is influenced by temperature and have an awareness of ways to reduce heat loss in the home. Common misconceptions that energy can be “used up” or that energy is truly lost in many energy transformations. You also tend to have the belief that energy can be completely changed from one form to another with no energy dissipated. Know and be able to apply the equation:
P5.2a Be able to describe, with examples, the process by which energy is dissipated, so that it is stored in less useful ways. P5.2b Be able to describe how, in different domestic devices, energy is transferred from batteries or the a.c. from the mains - consider how energy may be wasted in the transfer to and within motors and heating devices. Conservation of energy, energy transfers-conversions, efficiency - calculations and Sankey diagrams P5.2c Be able to describe, with examples, the relationship between the power ratings for domestic electrical appliances and how this is linked to the changes in stored energy when they are in use
1. The Usefulness of electricity, transferring electrical energy and cost calculations gcse physics revision notes P5.2d Be able to calculate energy efficiency for any energy transfer. P5.2e (HT only) Be able to describe ways to increase efficiency. Conservation of energy, energy transfers-conversions, efficiency - calculations and Sankey diagrams P5.2f Be able to explain ways of reducing unwanted energy transfer through eg lubrication, thermal insulation
P5.2g Be able to describe how the rate of cooling of a building is affected by the thickness and thermal conductivity of its walls (qualitative only).
Energy transfer and efficiency - calculations and Sankey diagrams Revision Notes
Topic P6: Global challenges (Revision for OCR Gateway Science GCSE 9-1 Combined Science A, 2nd physics paper Topic P6 "Global challenges", papers 6/12) This topic seeks to integrate your knowledge and understanding of physical systems and processes, with the aim of applying it to global challenges. Applications of physics can be used to help humans improve their own lives and strive to create a sustainable world for future generations, and these challenges are considered in this topic. In this topic you draw together the concepts covered in earlier topics, allowing a much wider treatment of the subject of physics. P6.1 Physics on the move (Revision for OCR Gateway Science GCSE 9-1 Combined Science A, 2nd physics paper Topic P6 "Global challenges", papers 6/12) You will use your knowledge of forces and motion to develop their ideas about how objects are affected by external factors. You will develop a better understanding of these external factors to be able to understand how the design of objects such as cars may be modified to operate more safely. You should be familiar with how forces affect motion of objects, but you will also need to have a good understanding of momentum from a previous sub-topic. You may already have some knowledge of how vehicles are adapted to increase safety. Common misconceptions - don't confuse the factors that affect thinking distance and braking distance, thinking that alcohol, drugs and tiredness will affect braking distance rather than thinking distance. It needs to be made clear the distinction between these two terms and that the combination of these gives us the stopping distance. P6.1a Know typical speeds encountered in everyday experience for wind and sound, and for walking, running, cycling and other transportation systems. P6.1b Be able to estimate the magnitudes of everyday accelerations. P6.1c Be able to make calculations using ratios and proportional reasoning to convert units and to compute rates including conversion from non-SI to SI units P6.1d Be able to explain methods of measuring human reaction times and know typical results.
P6.1e Be able to explain the factors which affect the distance required for road transport vehicles to come to rest in emergencies and the implications for safety - consider factors that affect thinking and braking distance and overall stopping distance
P6.1f Be able to explain the dangers caused by large decelerations.
1. Speed and velocity - the relationship between distance and time, distance-time graphs gcse physics revision 5. Reaction times, stopping distances, safety aspects and example calculations gcse physics revision notes
P6.2 Powering Earth (Revision for OCR Gateway Science GCSE 9-1 Combined Science A, 2nd physics paper Topic P6 "Global challenges", papers 6/12) Appreciate that we are reliant on electricity for everyday life and this topic explores the production of electricity. Consideration will be given to the use of non-renewable and renewable sources and the problems that are faced in the efficient transportation of electricity to homes and businesses. Safe use of electricity in the home is also covered in this topic and you will revisit topics such as power and efficiency. You should already be familiar with renewable and non-renewable energy sources and have a basic understanding of how power stations work and the cost of electricity in the home, and have some idea of electrical safety features in the home. Common misconceptions - confusing the idea of energy with terms including the word power such as solar power. Appreciate that higher voltages are applied across power lines and not along them. Another common misconception is that batteries and wall sockets have current inside them ready to escape. Be able to apply the equation:
P6.2a Be able to describe the main energy sources available for use on Earth, compare the ways in which they are used and distinguish between renewable and non-renewable sources - fossil fuels, nuclear fuel, bio-fuel, wind, hydro-electricity, tides and the Sun.
P6.2b Be able to explain patterns and trends in the use of energy resources - the changing use of different resources over time.
P6.2c Know that, in the national grid, electrical power is transferred at high voltages from power stations, and then transferred at lower voltages in each locality for domestic use. P6.2d Know that step-up and step-down transformers are used to change the potential difference as power is transferred from power stations.
P6.2e Be able to explain how the national grid is an efficient way to transfer energy. P6.2f Know that the domestic supply in the UK is a.c. at 50Hz. and about 230 volts (often says 240 V on appliances). P6.2g Be able to explain the difference between direct and alternating voltage.
P6.2h Know the differences in function between the live, neutral and earth mains wires, and the potential differences between these wires.
P6.2i Be able to explain that a live wire may be dangerous even when a switch in a mains circuit is open, and be able to explain the dangers of providing any connection between the live wire and earth - note the protection offered by insulation of devices. Energy resources and their uses - a general survey Revision Notes Renewable energy (1) Wind power and solar power, advantages and disadvantages Revision Notes Renewable energy (2) Hydroelectric power and geothermal power, advantages and disadvantages Renewable energy (3) Wave power and tidal power, advantages and disadvantages Revision Notes Biofuels, renewables and non-renewables (including nuclear power), advantages and disadvantages 6. The 'National Grid' power supply, environmental issues, use of transformers gcse physics revision notes
Revision for CS7 Practical skills
ALL OCR GCSE (Grade 9-1) Level 1/Level 2 GATEWAY SCIENCE A specifications and syllabus revision summary links OCR (Grade 9-1) GCSE Gateway science BIOLOGY A 1st GCSE BIOLOGY paper (separate science Topics B1-3) OCR (Grade 9-1) GCSE Gateway science BIOLOGY A 2nd GCSE BIOLOGY paper (separate science Topics B4-6) OCR (Grade 9-1) GCSE Gateway science PHYSICS A 1st GCSE PHYSICS paper (separate science Topics P1-4) OCR (Grade 9-1) GCSE Gateway science PHYSICS A 2nd GCSE PHYSICS paper (separate science Topics P5-8) Watch out for HT Only sections AND make sure you know exactly which GCSE science course you are doing! See also OCR 21st Century Sciences B Revision Links online fashion brands, Abercrombie & Fitch, Old Navy, Free People, Rue 21, Pacsun, Ralph Lauren, Gini & Jony, United Colors of Benetton, 612 League, Little Kangaroos, Ajio, Nauti Nati, Babyhug, Allen Solly Junior, YK, Next, jobs and opportunities for teenagers OCR GCSE 9-1 Gateway Combined Science A Physics paper 6 paper 12 past exam papers 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Topics P5 Waves in matter P6 Radioactive decay waves 7 particles P7 Energy P8 Global challenges revision notes best high street shop or best online deals currys pc consumer products computer deals world argos amazon internet deals for students john lewis hobbies and leisure products for teen years buying the best computer from dell acer samsung raycon best selling footwear fashion bargains for teenagers bose sony asus huawei HP microsoft OCR GCSE 9-1 Gateway Combined Science A Physics paper 6 paper 12 past exam papers 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Topics P5 Waves in matter P6 Radioactive decay waves 7 particles P7 Energy P8 Global challenges revision notes in-ear headphones earbuds downloadable games ipad desktop computer laptop computer for school college university students educational college university course opportunities for teenagers latest video games consoles apple iphone online download video games for teenagers google high end mobile phones cell phone bargain health products and advice for teenagers smartphone xiaomi computer laptops desktop pc deals for students oppo high tech products jewellery for teenage girls latest fashion in trainers personal care and beauty products for teenagers latest fashion in shoes best selling fashion clothes clothing bargains for teenagers OCR GCSE 9-1 Gateway Combined Science A Physics paper 6 paper 12 past exam papers 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Topics P5 Waves in matter P6 Radioactive decay waves 7 particles P7 Energy P8 Global challenges revision notes latest fashion in mobile phones cell phones Nintendo games consoles internet music film entertainment deals subscriptions advice on teenage health conditions, ASOS Marketplace, Levi's, Boohoo, Pretty Little Thing, Misguided, Dorothy Perkins, Debenhams, Boden, John Lewis, Marks and Spencer, Amazon, Oasis, Super Dry, Nasty Gal, G-Star Raw, Burton Snowboards, Ralph Lauren, Timberland, NA-KD, OCR GCSE 9-1 Gateway Combined Science A Physics paper 6 paper 12 past exam papers 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Topics P5 Waves in matter P6 Radioactive decay waves 7 particles P7 Energy P8 Global challenges revision notes Monki, SamsaraWear, Vans, Calluna, People Tree, Sister Organics, Thought, Tala, AEROPOSTALE – Best Cheap Teenage Clothing. ASOS – Best Designer Teenage Clothing, FOREVER 21 – Best Gender Inclusive Teenage Clothing, YESSTYLE – Best Cute Girls Clothing, JUSTICE – Best Clothing Store For Tweens, PACSUN – Best Trendy Teenage Clothing Store, Best Brand for Formal Dresses: Lulus, Best Workout Brand: Outdoor Voices, OCR GCSE 9-1 Gateway Combined Science A Physics paper 6 paper 12 past exam papers 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Topics P5 Waves in matter P6 Radioactive decay waves 7 particles P7 Energy P8 Global challenges revision notes Best Purse Brand: JW Pei, Best Jewelry Brand: En Route Jewelry Most Sustainable Brand: Nuuly, Best Shoe Brand: Dr. Martens, Best Size-Inclusive Option: Girlfriend Collective, H & M, Urban Outfitters, American Outfitters, Target, Lulus, Hollister, Victoria's Secret, Adidas, Forever 21, Nike sports products
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