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WHY ARE THERE SO MANY SERIES of ORGANIC COMPOUNDS? 8. Introduction to General Organic Chemistry - Why is there such a variety of organic compounds? Doc Brown's GCSE 9-1 /IGCSE/O Level KS4 science-CHEMISTRY Revision Notes All my 14-16 GCSE level chemistry revision notes All my GCSE level oil and organic chemistry revision notes All my advanced A level pre-university organic chemistry notes email doc brown - comments - query? Use your mobile phone or ipad etc. in 'landscape' orientation This is a BIG website, you need to take time to explore it [ SEARCH BOX]8. Why are there many families of organic compounds? - variety ! (gcse revision notes on homologous series and functional groups for GCSE 9-1 chemistry exams) Homologous Series and Functional Groups (gcse revision notes on homologous series and functional groups for GCSE 9-1 chemistry exams) You need to be able to explain that the vast array of natural and synthetic organic compounds occur due to the ability of carbon to form families of similar compounds, 'linear' straight chains, branched chains and rings of carbon atom all strongly bond in a variety ways with other carbon atoms and (usually) non-metallic elements including hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen in particular e.g.
Most food is chemically organic in nature, apart from some minerals, and many drugs and plastic materials are composed of organic molecules, consequently, organic compounds and organic chemistry is rather important to us! The term organic compound comes from the fact that most of the original organic compounds studied by scientists-chemists came from plants or animals, i.e. of natural origin. These days most organic compounds are synthesised from raw materials, in particular the physical separation and chemical manipulation of the products of crude petroleum oil. The vast array of organic compounds, both natural and synthetic carbon compounds, occur due to the ability of carbon atoms to form families of similar compounds. The compounds in each family have a similar chemical structure and a similar chemical formula. Each family of organic compounds forms what is called a homologous series. and all the members behave in the same chemical way i.e. they have a common set of reactions.
(gcse revision notes on homologous series and functional groups for GCSE 9-1 chemistry exams) 'Probably' before reading this page, you should have already been introduced to at least two series of organic molecules, such as the hydrocarbons called alkanes and alkenes, which illustrate the fact that organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon based compounds, but first we need to explain what we mean by the terms homologous series and functional group.
Some more examples of the molecular structure of some homologous series you will come across ...
Hydrocarbons like
alkanes
like
but there are many more series of organic molecules, so why such variety of organic molecules? (gcse revision notes on homologous series and functional groups for GCSE 9-1 chemistry exams) Organic compounds belong to different families called homologous series, though all organic compounds are based on carbon C, and usually hydrogen H, the carbon atoms do combine with other elements e.g.
nitrogen N e.g. in H2NCH2COOH the simplest
of the
amino acids
halogens like fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine can combine with carbon e.g.
Some notes on molecular formula and molecular structure (gcse revision notes on homologous series and functional groups for GCSE 9-1 chemistry exams)
Multiple Choice Quizzes and Worksheets
and
ALSO gap-fill ('word-fill') exercises originally written for ...
... AQA GCSE Science
...
Ex OCR 21st C GCSE Science
... Ex Edexcel 360 GCSE Science
... each set are interlinked, so clicking on one of the above leads to a sequence of several quizzes
14-16 gcse chemistry why lots of different organic molecules? |
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a
linear chain alkane hydrocarbon, just carbon and hydrogen atoms in this organic
molecule
a branched chain hydrocarbon, just
carbon and hydrogen atoms (also an alkane, methylpropane)
a
hydrocarbon ring compound of carbon and hydrogen atoms (its called cyclohexane,
a cyclic alkane)
an
organic compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms (ethanoic acid, a
carboxylic acid)
an
organic compound of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen atoms (an amino acid,
aminoethanoic acid)
Homologous series of alkanes CnH2n+2,
where n = 1, 2, 3 etc. number of carbon atoms in the molecule
Homologous series of alkenes CnH2n,
where n = 2, 3, 4 etc. number of carbon atoms in the molecule
Homologous series of
alcohols CnH2n+1OH,
where n = 1, 2, 3 etc. number of carbon atoms in the molecule
Homologous series of carboxylic acids CnH2n+1COOH,
where n = 0, 1, 2 etc. number of carbon atoms in the molecule minus 1
butane, 4th in the alkane homologous series,
, the 1st in the alcohol homologous series,
hydroxy functional group -OH
propanoic
acid, 3rd in the carboxylic acid homologous series, functional group is
-COOH
ethyl ethanoate, in the ester homologous series
chloromethane,
no
hydrogen!,
bromoethane,
Carboxylic acids
all represent ethane
and
and
ester
3 linked easy Oil Products gap-fill quiz worksheets
Crude Oil and its Fractional distillation
ENTER chemistry words e.g. topic, module, exam board, formula, compound, reaction,
structure, concept, equation, 'phrase', homework question! anything
of chemical interest!