INDEX of Doc Brown's
School Biology Revision Study Notes
Suitable for AQA GCSE biology, Edexcel GCSE biology, OCR
Gateway Science GCSE biology, OCR 21st Century Science GCSE biology, IGCSE biology, O level
biology, ~US grades 9 and 10 biology science courses or equivalent for ~14 to 16
year old and any English speaking college students of biology. For
the UK schools I've
have written GCSE biology notes for AQA GCSE biology, Edexcel GCSE biology, OCR (gateway
science biology and 21st Century Science biology) exam board specifications AND to the GCSE science/biology pages summarising what you
need to know for any IGCSE science/biology paper specification
MAKE SURE YOU KNOW WHETHER YOU ARE DOING SEPARATE
GCSE BIOLOGY OR COMBINED SCIENCES including biology
Find your GCSE
science course for more help links to revision notes
Exam
paper and specification link section
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brown - comments - query?
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Sub-index for this page - biology notes links
grouped
General cell biology
*
Genetics
*
General human biology
General plant
biology *
From evolution
to classification *
The environment, ecology
and biodiversity
Help links for
GCSE Combined Science and Biology courses

General CELL BIOLOGY and GENETICS revision notes index
Introduction to plant and animal cell structure and
function - comparison of subcellular structures
Stem cells and medical uses, and
an introduction to cell
differentiation and specialisation
Cell division - cell cycle - mitosis, meiosis, sexual/asexual reproduction,
binary fission, cancer cells
Microscopy - the development and use of microscopes in biology
- optical and electron
Diffusion - including demonstration, factors &
Fick's Law, osmosis investigations and active transport
Examples of surfaces for the exchange of substances in
animal organisms
Respiration - aerobic/anaerobic in plants, fungi & animals,
substrates/products, experimental investigations
Enzymes - structure, functions, optimum conditions,
investigation experiments, human digestion system
See also
Enzymes and Biotechnology
(gcse/igcse chemistry notes)
Culturing microorganisms like bacteria - testing
antibiotics and antiseptics
Sub-index of Genetics
Notes - from DNA to proteins to GM and lots
in between!
Cell division - cell cycle - mitosis, meiosis, sexual/asexual reproduction,
binary fission and cancer
DNA and RNA structure and Protein Synthesis and an
experiment to extract DNA
An introduction to genetic
variation and the formation and consequence of mutations
Introduction to the inheritance of characteristics and
genetic diagrams (including Punnett squares) including technical terms, Mendel's work and inherited
genetic disorders, genetic testing
The human GENOME project - gene expression, chromosomes, alleles, genotype, phenotype, variations,
uses of genetic testing including 'pros and cons'
Inherited characteristics and human sexual
reproduction - gender, genetic fingerprinting and its uses
Genetic
engineering: uses - making insulin, medical applications, GM crops & food
security
More complicated genetics: Sex-linked genetic
disorders, inheritance of blood groups
See also section on
Cloning -
tissue culture of plants and animals
TOP OF PAGE and
sub-index
General human biology revision notes - including some
other appropriate animal biology
See also cell biology index above too
Introduction to the organisation of cells =>
tissues => organs => organ systems (e.g. in humans)
Examples of surfaces for the exchange of substances in
animal organisms (includes small intestine)
See also
Enzymes - section on
human digestion, metabolism and synthesis gcse
biology
The human circulatory system - heart, lungs, blood,
blood cells/vessels, causes/treatment of cardiovascular disease
Hormone systems - Introduction to the endocrine
system - adrenaline & thyroxine hormones
Hormone systems - menstrual cycle, contraception,
fertility treatments
See also
Cell division - mitosis, meiosis, sexual/asexual reproduction
Inherited characteristics and human sexual
reproduction
Homeostasis - introduction to how it functions (negative
feedback systems explained)
Homeostasis - control of blood sugar level
- insulin and diabetes
Homeostasis - osmoregulation, ADH, water control, urea and ion
concentrations, kidney function, dialysis
Homeostasis - thermoregulation, control of temperature
The brain - what the different parts do and the dangers
if damaged
An introduction
to the nervous system including the reflex arc
Respiration - aerobic and anaerobic in plants and animals,
investigations
Keeping healthy - communicable diseases -
pathogen infections including viruses and vaccination
Keeping healthy - non-communicable diseases
- risk factors for e.g. CVD, cancers, obesity, diabetes, body/mass/hip
indexes
Keeping healthy - diet and exercise, diabetes, body/mass/hip indexes
Keeping healthy - defence against
pathogens, infections, treating diseases, vaccination, new drugs and testing, monoclonal antibodies,
detecting diseases and development of new drugs and medicines
See also
Culturing microorganisms like bacteria - testing
antibiotics/antiseptics
Food tests for reducing sugars, starch, proteins and
lipids
The eye - structure and function - correction of vision
defects
See also
Optics - lens types (convex, concave, uses),
experiments, ray
diagrams, correction of eye defects (gcse physics)
See also
GENETICS and section on
Cloning with animals
TOP OF PAGE and
sub-index
General plant
biology revision notes
Introduction to plant and animal cell structure and
function - comparison of subcellular structures
Microscopy - the development and use of microscopes in biology
- optical and electron
Photosynthesis,
importance
explained, limiting factors affecting rate, leaf adaptations
Plant cells - transport, gas exchange,
transpiration & experiments, absorption of nutrients, leaf & root structure
See also
Diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exchange of
substances - examples fully explained
Respiration - aerobic and anaerobic in plants (and
animals)
Hormone control of plant growth and uses of plant hormones
Plant diseases and defences against pathogens
and pests
How to produce new varieties of plants
Genetic
engineering: Uses including GM crops & food
security
See also
Adaptations, lots explained including
plant examples
and a section in
Stem cells and uses - meristems in plants (at the end of the
page!)
and section on plants in
Cloning -
tissue culture of plants
TOP OF PAGE and
sub-index
Evolution, Adaptations, Speciation
and Classification
Evolution - theories and evidence, variation, speciation -
new/old species & extinctions, selective breeding
Classification - domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family,
genus, species, Linnaeus naming
of organisms
Adaptations - lots of plant and animal examples
described and explained including extremophiles
See also ....
Introduction to plant and animal cell structure
- comparisons
How to produce new varieties of plants
An introduction to genetic
variation and the formation and consequence of mutations
The environment:
ecology,
communities, cycles, decay, sustainable food security, biodiversity revision
notes index
Carbon cycle,
nitrogen cycle, water cycle, decomposition - decay investigation, biogas
Ecosystems - biotic & abiotic factors - interactions between organisms
- interdependency
Food chains, food webs, trophic
levels, pyramids of biomass, transfer efficiency, pyramids of numbers
Adaptations, lots of examples explained including extremophiles
Food security - population growth and sustainability
issues, issues ways of increasing production
Biodiversity and ecological
surveying - using quadrats and transects, methods of trapping animals
Biodiversity, land management, waste management,
maintaining ecosystems - conservation
See also from GCSE chemistry and
physics revision notes
on pollution and climate change
Fossil fuel air pollution -
incomplete combustion, carbon monoxide & soot particulates
Pollution, Accidents
and Economic Aspects of the Petrochemical Industry
Greenhouse
effect, global warming, climate change,
carbon footprint from fossil fuel burning
Fossil fuel air pollution - effects of sulfur oxides
and nitrogen oxides
and section in
The absorption and emission of radiation by
materials - including global warming
TOP OF PAGE and
sub-index
LINKS for my revision pages for
the GCSE 9-1 science-biology courses
Revision Summaries for the new GCSE BIOLOGY courses that started with Y10 in
Sept. 2016
MAKE SURE
YOU KNOW WHETHER YOU ARE DOING SEPARATE SCIENCES OR COMBINED SCIENCES
AQA GCSE Biology 8461
1st Paper Topics 1-4 or
Combined
Science Trilogy Biology 1 Topics 1-4
AQA GCSE Biology 8461
2nd Paper Topics 5-7 or
Combined Science Trilogy Biology 2 Topics 5-7
Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Biology 1st Paper
Topics 1-5 or
Combined
Science Biology 1 Topics 1-5
Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Biology 2nd Paper
Topics 1, 6-9 or
Combined Science
Biology 2 Topics 1, 6-9
OCR (9-1)
Gateway Science GCSE Biology
A 1st Paper
Topics B1-3 or
Comb.
Science A Biology 1 Topics B1-3
OCR (9-1)
Gateway Science GCSE Biology
A 2nd Paper
Topics B4-6 or
Comb.
Science A Biology 1 Topics B4-6
OCR (9-1)
21st
Century Science GCSE Biology B
Chapters
B1-3 Chap's B1-3 or
GCSE Comb. Science B
biology
OCR (9-1)
21st
Century Science GCSE Biology B
Chapters
B4-6 Chapt's B4-6 or
GCSE Comb. Science B
biology
Find your GCSE
science/biology course for more help links to revision notes
button for past paper download links
TOP OF PAGE and
sub-index
Find your GCSE
science course for more help links to revision notes
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Phil Brown 2000+. All copyrights reserved on revision notes, images,
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