Advanced A Level Organic Chemistry Revision Notes: Index of all ALKANES pages

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Part 1. ALKANES and the PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY, cracking, uses of oil fractions - physical and chemical properties of alkanes (re-edit)

Doc Brown's Chemistry Advanced Level Pre-University Chemistry Revision Study Notes for UK KS5 A/AS GCE advanced level organic chemistry students US K12 grade 11 grade 12 organic chemistry

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All my advanced A level organic chemistry notes

Index of GCSE level Oil - Useful Products Chemistry Revision Notes

7.0 INDEX of all My ALKANES advanced level chemistry notes

Abbreviations used: mpt = melting point;  bpt = boiling point; dec = thermally decomposes, na = not applicable

1.1 What are Alkanes? The Molecular Structure and Nomenclature of Alkanes

structural formula skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b(Also includes an introduction on how to write and display alkane formulae including isomers)

(Also functions as a general introduction to organic structure before studying functional groups and homologous series)

Chain isomerism of alkanes is fully described, including any differences in physical properties like boiling point.

AND important notes on how to deduce empirical and molecular formula including alkane examples

Calculation of empirical formula, deducing molecular formula of a compound starting with % mass composition)

ALSO quizzes involving alkanes

Combined multiple choice and type in name quiz on the structure and naming of alkanes

Matching pair quiz on hydrocarbon structure

1.2 Sources of alkanes, the boiling points of alkanes and fractional distillation of crude oil into useful products

(Includes links to basic notes, which must be read too, and extra advanced level notes on intermolecular bonding forces)

Basic notes on Fractional distillation of crude OIL & uses of fractions

Pollution, Accidents and Economic Aspects of the Petrochemical Industry

1.3 Modification of alkanes by cracking, isomerisation and reforming

(Includes links to basic notes, which must be read too, and extra advanced level notes explaining the processes and reasons for the modifications to crude oil fractions)

Basic notes on CRACKING - a problem of supply and demand, other products

1.4 Complete and incomplete combustion of alkanes and environmental pollution

(Includes links to GCSE notes (which must be read too) and extra A level notes on enthalpy calculations, trends and pollution)

Fossil fuel air pollution - incomplete combustion, carbon monoxide & soot particulates

Air pollution - effects of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides including a local acid rain project!

1.5 Modification of hydrocarbon fuel mixtures, global warming-climate change and alternative fuels

(Includes links to GCSE notes on e.g. global warming, biodiesel, hydrogen, bioethanol etc.)

Basic notes on Alcohols - bioethanol manufacture

Basic notes on Biofuels & alternative fuels, hydrogen, biogas, biodiesel

See also revision notes on

Greenhouse effect, global warming, climate change, carbon footprint from fossil fuel burning

1.6 Chlorination and bromination of alkanes, reaction mechanisms and uses of products

(The reaction of alkanes with halogens, diversity and uses of products and reaction mechanisms)

See also Part 14.1 Structural isomerism of alkanes and effects on their properties

and Part 15 Organic Chemistry Spectroscopy - examples of IR, mass, H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR spectra

and below are specific spectra of alkane compounds


Alkane reaction mechanisms

The following notes have basic reaction conditions, reagents and general equations as well as detailed notes on the mechanisms indicated (overlap because they were written before above sections 1.2 to 1.6 were compiled).

Part 10.2 ALKANES - an introduction to their chemistry

Free radical chlorination/bromination to give halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes, alkyl halides)

Free radical mechanism for cracking hydrocarbons to give shorter alkanes and alkenes

Ionic mechanism for cracking hydrocarbons


Some other associated pages

Summary of Organic Functional Groups

Quiz on Organic Structure Recognition

Summary of organic chemistry functional group tests

The shapes and bond angles of simple organic molecules

Isomerism in organic chemistry

All main spectra indexes found at THE SPECTRA OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Infrared spectra of ALKANES

Infrared spectra of the isomers of C4H10

The infrared spectrum of butane

The infrared spectrum of 2-methylpropane

Infrared spectra of the isomers of C5H12

The infrared spectrum of pentane

The infrared spectrum for 2-methylbutane

The infrared spectrum for 2,2-dimethylpropane

Infrared spectra of the isomers of C6H14

The infrared spectrum of hexane

The infrared spectrum of 2-methylpentane

The infrared spectrum of 3-methylpentane

The infrared spectrum of 2,2-dimethylbutane

The infrared spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane

Infrared spectra of the isomers of C7H16

The infrared spectrum of heptane

The infrared spectrum of 2-methylhexane

The infrared spectrum of 3-methylhexane

The infrared spectrum of 3-ethylpentane

The infrared spectrum of 2,2-dimethylpentane

The infrared spectrum of 2,3-dimethylpentane

The infrared spectrum of 2,4-dimethylpentane

The infrared spectrum of 3,3-dimethylpentane

The infrared spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane

Infrared spectra of other alkanes including cycloalkanes

The infrared spectrum of ethane

The infrared spectrum of propane

The infrared spectrum of cyclopropane

The infrared spectrum of cyclobutane

The infrared spectrum of cyclopentane

The infrared spectrum of cyclohexane

The infrared spectrum of octane

Mass spectra of ALKANES

Mass spectra of the isomers of C4H10

The mass spectrum of butane

The mass spectrum of 2-methylpropane

Mass spectra of the isomers of C5H12

The mass spectrum of Pentane

The mass spectrum for 2-methylbutane

The mass spectrum for 2,2-dimethylpropane

Mass spectra of the isomers of C6H14

The mass spectrum of hexane

The mass spectrum of 2-methylpentane

The mass spectrum of 3-methylpentane

The mass spectrum of 2,2-dimethylbutane

The mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane

Mass spectra of the isomers of C7H16

The mass spectrum of heptane

The mass spectrum of 2-methylhexane

The mass spectrum of 3-methylhexane

The mass spectrum of 3-ethylpentane

The mass spectrum of 2,2-dimethylpentane

The mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylpentane

The mass spectrum of 2,4-dimethylpentane

The mass spectrum of 3,3-dimethylpentane

The mass spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane

Mass spectra of other alkanes including cycloalkanes

The mass spectrum of ethane

The mass spectrum of propane

The mass spectrum of cyclopropane

The mass spectrum of cyclobutane

The mass spectrum of cyclopentane

The mass spectrum of cyclohexane

The mass spectrum of octane

H-1 proton NMR spectra of ALKANES

1H NMR spectra of the isomers of C4H10

The H-1 NMR spectrum of butane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 2-methylpropane

1H NMR spectra of the isomers of C5H12

The H-1 NMR spectrum of pentane

The H-1 NMR spectrum for 2-methylbutane

The H-1 NMR spectrum for 2,2-dimethylpropane

1H NMR spectra of the isomers of C6H14

The H-1 NMR spectrum of hexane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 2-methylpentane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 3-methylpentane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 2,2-dimethylbutane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane

1H NMR spectra of the isomers of C7H16

The H-1 NMR spectrum of heptane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 2-methylhexane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 3-methylhexane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 3-ethylpentane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 2,2-dimethylpentane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 2,3-dimethylpentane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 2,4-dimethylpentane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 3,3-dimethylpentane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane

1H NMR spectra of other alkanes including cycloalkanes

The H-1 NMR spectrum of ethane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of propane

The H-1 NMR of cyclopropane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of cyclobutane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of cyclopentane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of cyclohexane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of octane

C-13 carbon-13 NMR spectra of ALKANES

13C NMR spectra of the isomers of C4H10

The C-13 NMR spectrum of butane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 2-methylpropane

13C NMR spectra of the isomers of C5H12

The C-13 NMR spectrum of Pentane

The C-13 NMR spectrum for 2-methylbutane

The C-13 NMR spectrum for 2,2-dimethylpropane

13C NMR spectra of the isomers of C6H14

The C-13 NMR spectrum of hexane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 2-methylpentane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 3-methylpentane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 2,2-dimethylbutane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane

13C NMR spectra of the isomers of C7H16

The C-13 NMR spectrum of heptane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 2-methylhexane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 3-methylhexane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 3-ethylpentane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 2,2-dimethylpentane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 2,3-dimethylpentane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 2,4-dimethylpentane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 3,3-dimethylpentane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane

13C NMR spectra of other alkanes including cycloalkanes

The C-13 NMR spectrum of ethane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of propane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of cyclopropane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of cyclobutane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of cyclopentane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of cyclohexane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of octane

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