Advanced Organic Chemistry: 1H NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane

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The H-1 hydrogen-1 (proton) NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane

Doc Brown's Chemistry Advanced Level Pre-University Chemistry Revision Study Notes for UK IB KS5 A/AS GCE advanced A level organic chemistry students US K12 grade 11 grade 12 organic chemistry courses involving molecular spectroscopy analysing H-1 NMR spectra of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane

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H-1 proton NMR spectroscopy - spectra index

See also comparing the 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra of the nine alkane structural isomers of C7H16

C7H16 low and high resolution 1H proton nmr spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane analysis interpretation of chemical shifts ppm spin spin line splitting diagram H1 H-1 nmr for 2,2,3-trimethylbutane doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

TMS is the acronym for tetramethylsilane, formula Si(CH3)4, whose protons are arbitrarily given a chemical shift of 0.0 ppm. This is the 'standard' in 1H NMR spectroscopy and all other proton resonances, called chemical shifts, are measured with respect to the TMS, and depend on the individual (electronic) chemical environment of the hydrogen atoms in an organic molecule - 2,2,3-trimethylbutane here.

The chemical shifts quoted in ppm on the diagram of the H-1 NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane represent the peaks of the intensity of the chemical shifts of (which are often groups of split lines at high resolution) AND the relative integrated areas under the peaks gives you the ratio of protons in the different chemical environments of the 2,2,3-trimethylbutane molecule.

2,2,3-trimethylbutane  C7H16 alkanes structure and naming (c) doc b alkanes structure and naming (c) doc b alkanes structure and naming (c) doc b

For more see The molecular structure, classification and naming of alkanes

Interpreting the H-1 NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane

For relatively simple molecules, the low resolution H-1 NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane is a good starting point (low resolution diagram above).

Theoretically, the hydrogen atoms (protons) of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane should occupy 3 different chemical environments so that the high resolution NMR spectra should show 3 principal peaks of different H-1 NMR chemical shifts (diagram above for 2,2,3-trimethylbutane).

The low resolution spectrum only shows two peaks in the proton ration 15:1

(CH3)3CCH(CH3)2

Note the proton ratio 9:1:6 of the 3 colours of the protons in the 3 chemically different environments

Chemical shifts (a) to (c) on the H-1 NMR spectrum diagram for 2,2,3-trimethylbutane.

Although there are 16 hydrogen atoms in the molecule, there are only 3 possible different chemical environments for the hydrogen atoms in 2,2,3-trimethylbutane

The integrated signal proton ratio 9:1:6 observed in the very high resolution H-1 NMR spectrum, corresponds with the structural formula of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane.

The high resolution 1H NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane

The ppm quoted on the diagram represent the peak of resonance intensity for a particular proton group in the molecule of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane - since the peak' is at the apex of a band of H-1 NMR resonances due to spin - spin coupling field splitting effects - see high resolution notes on 2,2,3-trimethylbutane below.

So, using the chemical shifts and applying the n+1 rule to 2,2,3-trimethylbutane and make some predictions using some colour coding! (In problem solving you work the other way round!)

(a) 1H Chemical shift 0.834 ppm, 3 x methyl protons: (CH3)3CCH(CH3)2

This proton resonance is not split because there are no protons on the adjacent carbon atom, so this produces a singlet resonance.

(b) 1H Chemical shift 0.830 ppm, 2 x methyl protons: (CH3)3CCH(CH3)2

This resonance is split into a doublet by the CH proton (n+1 = 2)

Evidence for the presence of a CH group in the molecule of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane

You need very high resolution to sort out 1H NMR resonances (a) and (b).

(c) 1H Chemical shift 1.38 ppm, CH proton : (CH3)3CCH(CH3)2

This resonance is split into a septet by the 2 x CH3 protons (n+1 = 7)

Evidence for the presence of a CH3-C-CH3 grouping in the molecule of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane


Number of directly adjacent protons 1H causing splitting Splitting pattern produced from the n+1 rule on spin-spin coupling and the theoretical ratio of line intensities
0 means no splitting             1            
1 creates a doublet           1   1          
2 creates a triplet         1   2   1        
3 creates a quartet       1   3   3   1      
4 creates a quintet     1   4   6   4   1    
5 creates a sextet   1   5   10   10   5   1  
6 creates a septet 1   6   15   20   15   6   1

Comparing the 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra of the nine alkane structural isomers of C7H16

You can distinguish all 9 isomers from a data combination of their number of 1H NMR chemical shifts,

and their resulting integrated 1H proton ratios, plus, their number of 13C chemical shifts.

Name of the alkane structural isomer of molecular formula C7H16 Abbreviated structural formulae of the nine isomers of molecular formula C7H16 (interpretation complications with 3-methylhexane and 2,3-dimethylpentane because they exhibit R/S isomerism due to a chiral carbon) Skeletal formula of the nine alkane isomers of  molecular formula C7H16 Number of 1H NMR chemical shifts (δ) and proton ratio (links to spectrum) Number of 13C chemical shifts (δ) (links to spectrum)
heptane structural formula skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b heptane skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b 4 δ: proton ratio: 3:2:2:1 (6:4:4:2 in the molecule) 4 δ shifts
2-methylhexane structural formula skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b 2-methylhexane skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b 6 δ: proton ratio : 6:3:2:2:2:1 6 δ shifts
3-methylhexane structural formula skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b 3-methylhexane skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b 7 δ: proton ratio: 3:3:3:2:2:2:1 (simplification) !!! 7 δ shifts
3-ethylpentane structural formula skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b 3-ethylpentane skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b 3 δ: proton ratio: 9:6:1 3 δ shifts
2,2-dimethylpentane structural formula skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b 2,2-dimethylpentane skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b 4 δ: proton ratio: 9:3:2:2 5 δ shifts
2,3-dimethylpentane structural formula skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b 2,3-dimethylpentane skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b 6 δ: proton ratio: 6:3:3:2:1:1 (simplification) !!! 6 δ shifts (simplification) !!!
2,4-dimethylpentane structural formula skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b 2,4-dimethylpentane skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b 3 δ: proton ratio: 12:2:2 3 δ shifts
3,3-dimethylpentane structural formula skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b 3,3-dimethylpentane skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b 3 δ: proton ratio: 3:3:2 (6:4:4 in the molecule) 4 δ shifts
2,2,3-trimethylbutane structural formula skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b 2,2,3-trimethylbutane skeletal formula alkanes molecular structure naming (c) doc b 3 δ: proton ratio: 9:6:1 4 δ shifts

Key words & phrases: C7H16 Interpreting the proton H-1 NMR spectra of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, low resolution & high resolution proton nmr spectra of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, H-1 nmr spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, understanding the hydrogen-1 nmr spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, explaining the line splitting patterns in the high resolution H-1 nmr spectra of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, revising the H-1 nmr spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, proton nmr of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, ppm chemical shifts of the H-1 nmr spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, explaining and analyzing spin spin line splitting in the H-1 nmr spectrum, how to construct the diagram of the H-1 nmr spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, how to work out the number of chemically different protons in the structure of the 2,2,3-trimethylbutane organic molecule, how to analyse the chemical shifts in the hydrogen-1 H-1 proton NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane using the n+1 rule to explain the spin - spin coupling ine splitting in the proton nmr spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane deducing the nature of the protons from the chemical shifts ppm in the H-1 nmr spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane examining the 1H nmr spectrum of  2,2,3-trimethylbutane analysing the 1-H nmr spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane how do you sketch and interpret the H-1 NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane interpreting interpretation of the 1H proton NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane (CH3)3CCH(CH3)2  (H3C)3CCH(CH3)2 Molecular structure diagram of the proton NMR diagram for the 1H NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane. The proton ratio in the 1H NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane. Deducing the number of different chemical environments of the protons in the 2,2,3-trimethylbutane molecule from the 1H chemical shifts in the hydrogen-1 NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane. Analysing the high resolution 1H NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane. Analysing the low resolution 1H NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane. You may need to know the relative molecular mass of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane to deduce the molecular formula from the proton ratio of the 1H NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane. Revision notes on the proton NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane. Matching and deducing the structure of the 2,2,3-trimethylbutane molecule from its hydrogen-1 NMR spectrum. Proton NMR spectroscopy of aliphatic alkanes, 1H NMR spectra of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, a structural isomer of molecular formula C7H16


Links associated with 2,2,3-trimethylbutane

The chemistry of ALKANES revision notes INDEX

H-1 proton NMR spectroscopy index  (Please read 8 points at the top of the 1H NMR index page)

ALL SPECTROSCOPY INDEXES

All Advanced Organic Chemistry Notes

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Infrared spectra of the isomers of C7H16

The infrared spectrum of heptane

The infrared spectrum of 2-methylhexane

The infrared spectrum of 3-methylhexane

The infrared spectrum of 3-ethylpentane

The infrared spectrum of 2,2-dimethylpentane

The infrared spectrum of 2,3-dimethylpentane

The infrared spectrum of 2,4-dimethylpentane

The infrared spectrum of 3,3-dimethylpentane

The infrared spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane

Mass spectra of the isomers of C7H16

The mass spectrum of heptane

The mass spectrum of 2-methylhexane

The mass spectrum of 3-methylhexane

The mass spectrum of 3-ethylpentane

The mass spectrum of 2,2-dimethylpentane

The mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylpentane

The mass spectrum of 2,4-dimethylpentane

The mass spectrum of 3,3-dimethylpentane

The mass spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane

H-1 proton NMR spectra of ALKANES

1H NMR spectra of the isomers of C7H16

The H-1 NMR spectrum of heptane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 2-methylhexane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 3-methylhexane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 3-ethylpentane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 2,2-dimethylpentane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 2,3-dimethylpentane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 2,4-dimethylpentane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 3,3-dimethylpentane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane

C-13 carbon-13 NMR spectra of ALKANES

13C NMR spectra of the isomers of C7H16

The C-13 NMR spectrum of heptane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 2-methylhexane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 3-methylhexane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 3-ethylpentane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 2,2-dimethylpentane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 2,3-dimethylpentane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 2,4-dimethylpentane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 3,3-dimethylpentane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane

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