C6H12 C-13 nmr spectrum of cyclohexane analysis of chemical shifts ppm interpretation of 13C chemical shifts ppm of cyclohexane C13 13-C nmr doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

Advanced pre-university Organic Chemistry: The ¹³C NMR spectrum of cyclohexane cyclo-C₆H₁₂

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Interpreting the Carbon-13 NMR spectrum of cyclohexane C₆H₁₂

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Introductory note on the 13C NMR spectrum of cyclohexane

Students and teachers please note that my explanation of the carbon-13 NMR spectrum of cyclohexane is designed for advanced, but pre-university, chemistry courses.

The description does not involve the chemical shift δ spin-spin coupling effects for cyclohexane and the relative size of the carbon-13 NMR shifts does not give the ratio of the carbon atoms in the different non-equivalent chemical environments of the cyclohexane molecule.

The most common solvent used for investigating the C13 NMR spectrum of compounds like cyclohexane, is CDCl₃ and other deuterated solvents.

C6H12 C-13 nmr spectrum of cyclohexane analysis of chemical shifts ppm interpretation of 13C chemical shifts ppm of cyclohexane C13 13-C nmr doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

TMS is the acronym for tetramethylsilane, formula Si(CH₃)₄, whose ¹³C atoms are arbitrarily given a chemical shift of 0.0 ppm. This is the 'standard' in ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and all other ¹³C shifts, called chemical shifts, depend on the individual (electronic) chemical environment of the ¹³C atoms in an organic molecule - cyclohexane here.

Cyclohexane, C₆H₁₂ , , , all bond angles ~109^o

The molecular structure and naming of alkanes

Interpreting the C-13 NMR spectrum of cyclohexane

As you can see from the diagram above there is only one chemical shift line in the C-13 NMR spectrum of cyclohexane indicating all six carbon atoms are in the same chemical environment.

All six carbon atoms in cyclohexane are equivalent to each other and their ¹³C fields cannot cause spin-spin coupling splitting effects in the carbon-13 NMR spectrum.

The cyclohexane molecule is a symmetrical molecule on a time averaged basis, ignoring conformational analysis, hence all 6 carbon atoms inhabit the same electronic chemical environment.

The carbon-13 NMR spectra a provides direct evidence of a single chemical environment for all six carbon atoms in the cyclohexane molecule, deduced from the presence of just one chemical shift ¹³C NMR spectral line at 27.1 ppm.

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Where next? Links associated with cyclopentane

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The infrared spectrum of cyclohexane

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Website content © Dr Phil Brown 2000+. All copyrights reserved on revision notes, images, quizzes, worksheets etc. Copying of Doc Brown's pre-university advanced level chemistry website material is NOT permitted. Exam revision summaries & references to science course specifications are unofficial. These organic chemistry revision notes on spectroscopy (on the 13C NMR spectrum of cyclohexane) suitable for use of pre-university students studying AQA advanced level chemistry, Edexcel advanced level chemistry, OCR advanced level chemistry, IB advanced level chemistry, WJEC (Eduqas) advanced level chemistry, CIE advanced level chemistry, CCEA advanced level chemistry, US grade 11-12 AP honors chemistry courses and they will also prove useful to 1st year undergraduate students of chemistry.