 
FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION, Air Pollution & Climate
Change
4B
Pollution, Accidents
and Economic Aspects of the Petrochemical Industry - the result of
extracting oil and natural gas fossil fuels
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Brown's GCSE/IGCSE/O Level KS4 science-CHEMISTRY Revision Notes
Anthropogenic
means any
environmental change or pollution due to human activity.
All my
GCSE level chemistry revision
notes
All my GCSE level oil and
organic chemistry revision notes
All my advanced A level organic chemistry notes
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See also
4A
Fossil fuel air pollution
-
incomplete combustion, carbon monoxide & soot particulates
4C
Greenhouse effect, global warming, climate change,
carbon footprint from fossil fuel burning
4D Fossil fuel air pollution - effects of sulfur oxides
and nitrogen oxides
A
local acid rain project!!!
 4B
Pollution, Accidents
and Economic Aspects of the Petrochemical Industry
- there are consequences of using fossil fuels!
-
'COSTS'?: Our economy, like many
other countries has become very dependent on the extraction, sale and
use of oil based products. BUT, there is high price to be paid at
times whether it be pollution effects or warring countries with oil
economics factors.
-
The price of oil can vary
with market forces determined by the World's economy AND political
instability and wars, particularly in the major oil producing
Middle-East Arab Gulf states affect the price too.
-
Therefore, without
alternative energy resources, we are at the mercy of forces beyond our
control.
-
If stocks or production
rates fall, the price of crude oil rises.
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Richer countries can afford
more costly oil and can stockpile it, developing countries will struggle
to compete.
-
In order to preserve our
crude oil and gas supplies we sometimes compromise our ideals when
dealing with the politics of countries we may think unsuitable.
-
So many jobs and national economic
factors depend on oil that progressive change on how the oil industry is
run and to tackle climate change is NOT EASY !!!
-
Oil extraction and ACCIDENTS:
-
Oil rig accidents,
broken pipelines, oil tanker wrecks etc. all have terrible effects on the
plant and animal life of the locality as we see from the horrible TV pictures of
seabirds coated in oil, and toxic oil slicks covering the beaches and
sands.
-
Birds get poisoned when
trying to clean themselves as crude oil sticks to feathers, and other animals like sea otters, whales can
be poisoned too.
-
In fact the whole marine
ecosystem of an area can be devastated so that even creatures not
directly poisoned can be affected if their food chain is disrupted.
-
Look up on the internet the
effects of the disastrous 2010 explosion on the oil drilling station
called 'Deepwater Horizon' in the Gulf of Mexico - the largest
accidental spillage of crude oil in history.
-
Thousands of miles of
coastline were contaminated making large areas uninhabitable for most
local marine species of plants and animals.
-
Even the use of huge amounts
of detergents to break up oil slicks and disperse the pollution may
damage aquatic ecosystems too.
-
Detergents can be toxic to some se
creatures e.g. species of fish and molluscs like shellfish.
-
Fire hazard and war one damage:
-
There is also the risk to humans from fires and explosions on
rigs or at oil refinery installations and fuel storage depots etc.
-
There have been several tragic
accidents in extracting oil from the North Sea and in the Gulf of
Mexico.
-
Apart from industrial accidents wars have been fought
over, and in, oil producing lands in the Middle East e.g. the Iraq war.
Oil production sites have been targeted or deliberately sabotaged to
prevent their use to the 'enemy', the result is often huge oil fires of
intense heat and black smoke!
-
Fracking:
-
Hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking”,
is the process of drilling and injecting fluid into the ground at a high
pressure in order to fracture shale rocks to release natural gas inside.
-
Fracking involves the process of drilling
down into the earth to layers of rock e.g. shale containing absorbed
hydrocarbon gases.
-
Then a high-pressure water mixture
containing various chemicals is directed at the rock to fracture the
rock and release the hydrocarbon gas.
-
This injection of water, sand and
chemicals at high pressure which allows the gas to flow out to the head
of the well to complete the extraction process.
-
Extracting oil and gas from e.g.
shale deposits is proving controversial in the US and UK.
-
Ground pollution has been reported
and the process does use lots of harmful chemicals in the fluid that is
pumped down into the fractures in the ground.
-
Plastic
pollution
Multiple Choice Quizzes and Worksheets
KS4 Science GCSE/IGCSE m/c QUIZ on Oil Products (easier-foundation-level)
KS4 Science GCSE/IGCSE m/c QUIZ on Oil Products (harder-higher-level)
KS4 Science GCSE/IGCSE m/c QUIZ on other aspects of Organic Chemistry
and
3 linked easy Oil Products gap-fill quiz worksheets
ALSO gap-fill ('word-fill') exercises
originally written for ...
... AQA GCSE Science
Useful products from crude oil
AND
Oil, Hydrocarbons & Cracking
etc.
...
OCR 21st C GCSE Science
Worksheet gap-fill C1.1c Air pollutants
etc ...
... Edexcel 360 GCSE Science
Crude Oil and its Fractional distillation
etc ...
... each set are interlinked, so
clicking on one of the above leads to a sequence of several quizzes
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revision study notes for 14-16 school chemistry AQA Edexcel OCR IGCSE/GCSE
9-1 chemistry science topics modules for studying pollution from oil
extraction, accidents producing oil spillages, polluted beaches, dead
seabirds and fish from pollution, fire hazard from broken oil and gas pipes,
damage in war zones, pressure on the economics of petrochemical industry,
the pollution from controversial fracking gcse chemistry revision notes
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