Advanced Organic Chemistry: H-1 NMR spectrum of cyclopentane

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The H-1 hydrogen-1 (proton) NMR spectrum of cyclopentane

Doc Brown's Chemistry Advanced Level Pre-University Chemistry Revision Study Notes for UK IB KS5 A/AS GCE advanced A level organic chemistry students US K12 grade 11 grade 12 organic chemistry courses involving molecular spectroscopy analysing H-1 NMR spectra of cyclopentane

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H-1 proton NMR spectroscopy - spectra index

low and high resolution H-1 proton nmr spectrum of cyclopentane analysis interpretation of chemical shifts ppm spin spin line splitting diagram H1 1-H nmr for cyclopentane doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

TMS is the acronym for tetramethylsilane, formula Si(CH3)4, whose protons are arbitrarily given a chemical shift of 0.0 ppm. This is the 'standard' in 1H NMR spectroscopy and all other proton shifts, called chemical shifts, depend on the individual (electronic) chemical environment of the hydrogen atoms in an organic molecule - cyclopentane here.

The chemical shifts quoted in ppm on the diagram of the H-1 NMR spectrum of cyclopentane represent the peaks of the intensity of the chemical shifts of (which are often groups of split lines at high resolution) AND the relative integrated areas under the peaks gives you the ratio of protons in the different chemical environments of the cyclopentane molecule.

Cyclopentane, C5H10 , alkanes structure and naming (c) doc b, alkanes structure and naming (c) doc b, all bond angles ~109o, but it is NOT planar, pentagon is slightly bent.

Interpreting the H-1 NMR spectrum of cyclopentane

The hydrogen atoms (protons) of cyclopentane occupy just one chemical environments (just one chemical shift) so you only see one peak in a the high of low proton NMR spectrum.

The cyclopentane molecule is slightly bent (or folded), but the oscillations of the bonds in the molecule mean that over a finite period of time, any tiny individual differences in the chemical environment of the hydrogen atoms is averaged out, so all you see is one proton NMR resonance line in the spectrum of cyclopentane.

Number of protons 1H causing splitting Splitting pattern produced from the n+1 rule and the theoretical ratio of line intensities
0 means no splitting             1            
1 creates a doublet           1   1          
2 creates a triplet         1   2   1        
3 creates a quartet       1   3   3   1      
4 creates a quintet     1   4   6   4   1    
5 creates a sextet   1   5   10   10   5   1  
6 creates a septet 1   6   15   20   15   6   1

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Links associated with cyclopentane

The chemistry of ALKANES revision notes INDEX

H-1 proton NMR spectroscopy index  (Please read 8 points at the top of the 1H NMR index page)

ALL SPECTROSCOPY INDEXES

All Advanced Organic Chemistry Notes

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