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Advanced Organic Chemistry: Mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane

The mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane

Doc Brown's Chemistry Advanced Level Pre-University Chemistry Revision Study Notes for UK IB KS5 A/AS GCE advanced A level organic chemistry students US K12 grade 11 grade 12 organic chemistry courses involving molecular spectroscopy analysing mass spectra of 2,3-dimethylbutane

See also comparing infrared, mass, 1H NMR & 13C NMR spectra of the structural alkane isomers of C6H14

mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane fragmentation pattern of m/z m/e ions for analysis and identification of 2,3-dimethylbutane image diagram doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes 

2,3-dimethylbutane C6H14 alkanes structure and naming (c) doc b , alkanes structure and naming (c) doc b , alkanes structure and naming (c) doc b

For more see The molecular structure, classification and naming of alkanes

Interpreting the fragmentation pattern of the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane

[M]+ is the molecular ion peak (M) with an m/z of 86 corresponding to [C6H14]+, the original 2,3-dimethylbutane molecule minus an electron, [(CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2]+.

The minute M+1 peak at m/z 87, corresponds to an ionised 2,3-dimethylbutane molecule with one 13C atom in it i.e. an ionised 2,3-dimethylbutane molecule of formula 13C12C5H14

Identifying the species giving the most prominent peaks (apart from M) in the fragmentation pattern of 2,3-dimethylbutane.

m/z value of [fragment]+ 71 57 55 43
[molecular fragment]+ [(CH3)2CHCHCH3]+ [C4H9]+ [C4H7]+ [(CH3)2CH]+
m/z value of [fragment]+ 42 41 39 29 27
[molecular fragment]+ [C3H6]+ [C3H5]+ [C3H3]+ [C2H5]+ [C2H5]+

Analysing and explaining the principal ions in the fragmentation pattern of the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane

Examples of equations to explain some of the most abundant ion peaks in the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane

Formation of m/z 71 ion: [(CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2]+  ===>  [(CH3)2CHCHCH3]+  +  CH3

 C-C bond chain scission, methyl fragment lost from parent molecular ion (86 - 15 = 71)

Formation of m/z 43 ion: [(CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2]+  ===>  [(CH3)2CH]+  +  (CH3)2CH

The m/z 43 ion is the base peak ion, the most abundant and 'stable' ion fragment.

m/z sequences like 43, 42, 41 or 29, 28, 27, indicate successive proton loss.

Comparing the infrared, mass, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra of the five structural alkane isomers of C6H14

NOTE: The images are linked to their original detailed spectral analysis pages AND can be doubled in size with touch screens to increase the definition to the original hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane and 2,3-dimethylbutane image sizes.  These five molecules are structural isomers of saturated alkanes of molecular formula C6H14 and exemplify the infrared, mass, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra of lower aliphatic alkanes (non-cyclic alkanes).
Infrared spectra below.

INFRARED SPECTRA:

Apart from the significant differences in the fingerprint region at wavenumbers 1500 to 400 cm-1, there are no other great striking differences, but each could be identified from its infrared spectrum.

All the absorption bands are typical of molecules containing saturated alkyl structure and there are no characteristic infrared absorptions due to a specific functional group.
Infrared spectra above, mass spectra below.

MASS SPECTRA: Base ion peaks plus m/z comments.

Hexane: m/z 57, 42 and 56 prominent

2-methylpentane: m/z 43, 42 and 71 prominent

3-methylpentane: m/z 57, 41 and 56 prominent

2,2-dimethylbutane: m/z 43, 41, 57 and 71 prominent

2,3-dimethylbutane: m/z 43, 41, 42 and 71 prominent
Mass spectra above, 1H NMR spectra below.

1H NMR SPECTRA: They can all be distinguished by their different integrated proton ratios - need very high resolution.

Hexane: 3 1H δ shifts, H ratio 3:2:2 (6:4:4 in formula)

2-methylpentane: 5 1H δ shifts, H ratio 6:3:2:2:1

3-methylpentane: 4 1H δ shifts, H ratio 6:4:3:1

2,2-dimethylbutane: 3 1H δ shifts, H ratio 9:3:2

2,3-dimethylbutane: 2 1H δ shifts, H ratio 6:1 (12:2 in formula)
1H NMR spectra above, 13C NMR spectra below.

13C NMR SPECTRA: From the number of shifts, you can't distinguish (iii) and (iv) but you can distinguish them from (i), (ii) and (v). (i) Hexane: 3 13C δ shifts

(ii) 2-methylpentane: 5 13C δ shifts

(iii) 3-methylpentane: 4 13C δ shifts

(iv) 2,2-dimethylbutane: 4 13C δ shifts

(v) 2,3-dimethylbutane: 2 13C δ shifts
13C NMR spectra above.

Key words & phrases: image diagram on how to interpret and explain the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane m/z m/e base peaks, image and diagram of the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane, details of the mass spectroscopy of 2,3-dimethylbutane,  low and high resolution mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane, prominent m/z peaks in the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane, comparative mass spectra of 2,3-dimethylbutane, the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane, analysing and understanding the fragmentation pattern of the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane, characteristic pattern of peaks in the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane, relative abundance of mass ion peaks in the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane, revising the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane, revision of mass spectroscopy of 2,3-dimethylbutane, most abundant ions in the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane, how to construct the mass spectrum diagram for abundance of fragmentation ions in the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane, how to analyse the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane, how to describe explain the formation of fragmented ions in the mass spectra of 2,3-dimethylbutane equations for explaining the formation of the positive ions in the fragmentation of the ionised molecule of 2,3-dimethylbutane recognising the base ion peak of 2,3-dimethylbutane interpreting interpretation the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane

Stick diagram of the relative abundance of ionised fragments in the fingerprint pattern of the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane. Table of the m/e m/z values and formula of the ionised fragments in the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane. The m/e m/z value of the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane.  The m/e m/z value of the base ion peak in the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane. Possible examples of equations showing the formation of the ionised fragments in 2,3-dimethylbutane. Revision notes on the mass spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane. Matching and deducing the structure of the 2,3-dimethylbutane molecule from its mass spectrum. Mass spectroscopy of  aliphatic alkanes, mass spectra of 2,3-dimethylbutane, a structural isomer of molecular formula C6H14

Links associated with 2,3-dimethylbutane

The chemistry of ALKANES revision notes INDEX

The infrared spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 2,3-dimethylbutane

Mass spectroscopy index

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