Advanced Organic Chemistry: H-1 NMR spectrum of cyclobutane

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The H-1 hydrogen-1 (proton) NMR spectrum of cyclobutane

Doc Brown's Chemistry Advanced Level Pre-University Chemistry Revision Study Notes for UK IB KS5 A/AS GCE advanced A level organic chemistry students US K12 grade 11 grade 12 organic chemistry courses involving molecular spectroscopy analysing H-1 NMR spectra of cyclobutane

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H-1 proton NMR spectroscopy - spectra index

low and high resolution H-1 proton nmr spectrum of cyclobutane analysis interpretation of chemical shifts ppm spin spin line splitting diagram H1 1-H nmr for cyclobutane doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

TMS is the acronym for tetramethylsilane, formula Si(CH3)4, whose protons are arbitrarily given a chemical shift of 0.0 ppm. This is the 'standard' in 1H NMR spectroscopy and all other proton shifts, called chemical shifts, depend on the individual (electronic) chemical environment of the hydrogen atoms in an organic molecule - cyclobutane here.

The chemical shifts quoted in ppm on the diagram of the H-1 NMR spectrum of cyclobutane represent the peaks of the intensity of the chemical shifts of (which are often groups of split lines at high resolution) AND the relative integrated areas under the peaks gives you the ratio of protons in the different chemical environments of the cyclobutane molecule.

Cyclobutane, C4H8 , alkanes structure and naming (c) doc b, alkanes structure and naming (c) doc b

Interpreting the H-1 NMR spectrum of cyclobutane

All 8 hydrogen atoms (protons) of cyclobutane occupy the same chemical environment so that the proton NMR spectrum only shows a single H-1 NMR chemical shift at 1.96 ppm (diagram above for cyclobutane).

Cyclobutane is NOT a true planar molecular arrangement in terms of the four carbon atoms because the square is slightly folded.

However all 8 hydrogen atoms of cyclobutane appear to be in the same chemical environment and give the same chemical shift i.e. there are 8 equivalent protons in the cyclobutane molecule and just one single H-1 NMR resonance signal.

Number of protons 1H causing splitting Splitting pattern produced from the n+1 rule and the theoretical ratio of line intensities
0 means no splitting             1            
1 creates a doublet           1   1          
2 creates a triplet         1   2   1        
3 creates a quartet       1   3   3   1      
4 creates a quintet     1   4   6   4   1    
5 creates a sextet   1   5   10   10   5   1  
6 creates a septet 1   6   15   20   15   6   1

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Links associated with cyclobutane

The chemistry of ALKANES revision notes INDEX

The infrared spectrum of cyclobutane

The mass spectrum of cyclobutane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of cyclobutane

H-1 proton NMR spectroscopy index  (Please read 8 points at the top of the 1H NMR index page)

ALL SPECTROSCOPY INDEXES

All Advanced Organic Chemistry Notes

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