School biology notes: How the human circulatory system works - heart, lungs, blood vessels

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GCSE level biology: INDEX of GCSE level notes on describing and explaining how the human circulatory system works

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Sub-index for notes on the human circulatory system (some pages overlap with each other)

1. Explaining the double circulatory system of a mammal - heart & lung connections, advantages

2. The human heart and its pumping action - diagrams and explanation how it works

3. The structure and function blood vessels, arteries, capillaries, veins, flow rates

4. What's in blood? - what do red and white blood cells, platelets and plasma do?

5. Monitoring the heart - methods of measuring its performance heart rate, pulse rate, audio-stethoscope

6. What is cardiovascular disease (CVD) - coronary heart disease, cholesterol - heart attacks and strokes

7. Treating heart disease - procedures - stents, bypass surgery, angioplasty

8. Treating heart conditions with drugs - statins, aspirin, anticoagulants e.g. Warfarin, antihypertensives e.g. ACE inhibitors beta blockers, diuretics and alternative lifestyle changes

9. More on scientific developments in treating cardiovascular disease and emergencies e.g. more advanced surgery, artificial blood and artificial hearts

See also Respiration - aerobic and anaerobic in plants and animals

Examples of surfaces for the exchange of substances including the single circulatory system of a fish

Keeping healthy - defence against pathogens, infectious diseases, vaccination, drugs

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Possible practical work help develop your skills and understanding the human circulatory system:

dissection of the heart

use software simulations of the work of the heart and blood vessels

observation of arteries and veins from slides

observation of blood smears

observation of valves in veins preventing backflow of blood using the ‘athletic’ arm / prominent vein

using sensors to measure blood pressure before, during and after exercise

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