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Part 7.
The chemistry of
Aromatic Compounds
Doc
Brown's Chemistry Advanced Level Pre-University Chemistry Revision Study
Notes for UK KS5 A/AS GCE IB advanced level organic chemistry students US
K12 grade 11 grade 12 organic chemistry
7.0 INDEX of all My Aromatic Chemistry Notes
7.1
Molecular structure and nomenclature of aromatic
compounds
(7.1 includes an extensive introduction
on how
to write and display aromatic formulae including isomers - lots of examples)
7.2
Proof of the structure of benzene, aromaticity and introduction to
electrophilic substitution in arenes
7.3
Sources & synthesis of arenes including alkylation (electrophilic substitution), physical properties of arenes and
use of arenes in fuels
7.4
Free radical addition reactions of benzene and methylbenzene with
hydrogen and side-chain chlorination substitution of the methyl
group of methylbenzene
7.5
Electrophilic substitution -
nitration of benzene and methylbenzene, properties and uses of
nitro-aromatics
7.6
Electrophilic substitution - ring halogenation of benzene &
methylbenzene, properties & uses of aryl halides
7.7
Electrophilic substitution -
ring sulfonation of arenes, properties & uses of
alkylbenzenesulfonic acids
7.8
Electrophilic substitution -
acylation of arenes, properties & uses of
aromatic ketones and aromatic aldehydes
7.9
The physical and chemical
properties of phenol and some of its derivatives and their uses
7.10
Physical & chemical
properties of phenylamine, selected derivatives including diazonium
ions and dyes
7.11
The physical and chemical
properties of benzoic acid and selected derivatives
7.12
The structure, properties and uses of
polyesters and polyamides involving aromatic monomers
7.13
Examples of aromatic compounds from the
pharmaceutical industry and those found in natural
products
7.14
Explaining the orientation of products
of putting a 2nd substituent into a monosubstituted benzene derivative
(perhaps aspects of 7.14 go beyond what
is normally required in pre-university chemistry courses?)
The following notes below were written before the
expanded notes listed above, but they do have
basic reaction conditions, reagents and general equations as well as
detailed notes on the mechanisms involved.
Nitration to give
nitro-aromatics like nitrobenzene
Chlorination to
chloro-aromatics like chlorobenzene
Alkylation to give
alkyl-aromatics like methylbenzene
[Friedel-Crafts reaction]
Acylation to give aromatic
ketones
[Friedel-Crafts reaction]
Sulfonation to
give a sulfonic acid like benzenesulfonic
acid
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