Aldehydes and Ketones Chemistry  

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Part 5. The carbonyl compound chemistry of ALDEHYDES & KETONES

[Author © Dr Phil Brown PhD: Doc Brown's advanced level organic chemistry exam revision notes suitable for students of UK A level chemistry courses & US K12 grade 11, grade 12 and AP honors chemistry courses: The chemistry of aldehydes & ketones [page updated April 8th 2026 *]

INDEX of revision notes on carbonyl compounds - aldehydes & ketones

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 All advanced A level organic chemistry notes


Sub-index: Organic Chemistry Part 5

Notes on the chemistry of aldehydes & ketones

aldehydes and ketones nomenclature (c) doc b5.1 Molecular Structure and Nomenclature of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones

(Also includes an introduction on how to write-display aldehyde & ketone formulae including isomers)

Multiple choice/type in name quiz on the structure and naming of aldehydes and ketones

5.2 Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones and intermolecular bonding forces

aldehydes and ketones nomenclature (c) doc b5.3 Methods of preparing aldehydes and ketones

5.4 The structure and reactivity of aldehydes and ketones and nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide

(also includes the hydrolysis of the resulting nitriles to carboxylic acids)

5.5 The reduction of aldehydes and ketones with NaBH4 and LiAlH4 and reduction of nitriles to amines

5.6 Examples of addition - elimination condensation reactions of aldehydes & ketones (including with 24DNPH product for identification)

5.7 The oxidation of aldehydes and ketones, link with chemical tests and the iodoform reaction

5.8 The uses of aldehydes and ketones and their occurrence in nature

See also Part 15

Organic Chemistry Spectroscopy - examples of IR, mass, H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR spectra

and aldehyde and ketone spectra listed below


Aldehydes and ketones reaction mechanisms

The following notes have basic reaction conditions, reagents and general equations as well as detailed notes on the mechanisms indicated (overlap because they were written before above sections 5.2 to 5.8 were compiled)

Part 10.6 Carbonyl compounds - ALDEHYDES and KETONES - introduction to their chemical reactivity

Nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide to aldehydes and ketones to form a hydroxy-nitrile

Addition of hydrogen to aldehydes and ketones - reduction with LiAlH4 or NaBH4 to give alcohols

The iodination of ketones e.g. a 2-one like propanone (a methyl ketone) to give iodo-ketones


Some other associated pages

Summary of Organic Functional Groups

Quiz on Organic Structure Recognition

Summary of organic chemistry functional group tests

The shapes and bond angles of simple organic molecules

Isomerism in organic chemistry

All main spectra indexes found at THE SPECTRA OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Infrared spectra of ALDEHYDES & KETONES

The infrared spectrum of ethanal (acetaldehyde)

The infrared spectrum of propanal (propionaldehyde)

The infrared spectrum of 2-methylpropanal (methylpropanal, isobutyraldehyde)

The infrared spectrum of propanone (acetone)

The infrared spectrum of butanal

The infrared spectrum of butanone

The infrared spectrum of 3-hydroxybutanone (3-hydroxybutan-2-one, 'acetoin')

The infrared spectrum of benzaldehyde

Mass spectra of ALDEHYDES & KETONES

The mass spectrum of ethanal (acetaldehyde)

The mass spectrum of propanal (propionaldehyde)

The mass spectrum of 2-methylpropanal (methylpropanal, isobutyraldehyde)

The mass spectrum of propanone (acetone)

The mass spectrum of butanal

The mass spectrum of butanone

The mass spectrum of 3-hydroxybutanone (3-hydroxybutan-2-one, 'acetoin')

The mass spectrum of benzaldehyde

H-1 NMR spectra of ALDEHYDES & KETONES

The H-1 NMR spectrum of ethanal (acetaldehyde)

The H-1 NMR spectrum of propanal (propionaldehyde)

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 2-methylpropanal (methylpropanal, isobutyraldehyde)

The H-1 NMR spectrum of propanone (acetone)

The H-1 NMR spectrum of butanal (butyraldehyde)

The H-1 NMR spectrum of butanone

The H-1 spectrum of 3-hydroxybutanone (3-hydroxybutan-2-one, 'acetoin')

The H-1 NMR spectrum of benzaldehyde

C-13 NMR spectra of ALDEHYDES & KETONES

The C-13 NMR spectrum of ethanal (acetaldehyde)

The C-13 NMR spectrum of propanal (propionaldehyde)

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 2-methylpropanal (methylpropanal, isobutyraldehyde)

The C-13 NMR spectrum of propanone (acetone)

The C-13 NMR spectrum of butanal (butyraldehyde)

The C-13 NMR spectrum of butanone

The C-13 spectrum of 3-hydroxybutanone (3-hydroxybutan-2-one, 'acetoin')

The C-13 NMR spectrum of benzaldehyde

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Advanced Level notes on the Organic Chemistry of aldehydes and ketones - important reactions

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