Part 5. Carbonyl chemistry of ALDEHYDES & KETONES

Doc Brown's Chemistry Advanced Level Pre-University Chemistry Revision Study Notes for UK KS5 A/AS GCE IB advanced level organic chemistry students US K12 grade 11 grade 12 organic chemistry

INDEX of revision notes on aldehydes & ketones

All Advanced A Level Organic Chemistry Notes

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5.1 Molecular Structure and Nomenclature of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones

(Also includes an introduction as to how to write and display aldehyde and ketone formulae including isomers)

5.2 Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones and intermolecular bonding forces

5.3 Methods of preparing aldehydes and ketones

5.4 The structure and reactivity of aldehydes and ketones and nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide

(also includes the hydrolysis of the resulting nitriles to carboxylic acids)

5.5 The reduction of aldehydes and ketones with NaBH₄ and LiAlH₄ and reduction of nitriles

5.6 Examples of addition - elimination condensation reactions of aldehydes & ketones (including with 24DNPH product for identification)

5.7 The oxidation of aldehydes and ketones, link with chemical tests and the iodoform reaction

5.8 The uses of aldehydes and ketones and their occurrence in nature

See also Part 15 Organic Chemistry Spectroscopy - examples of IR, mass, H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR spectra

Aldehydes and ketones reaction mechanisms

The following notes have basic reaction conditions, reagents and general equations as well as detailed notes on the mechanisms indicated (overlap because they were written before above sections 5.2 to 5.8 were compiled)

Part 10.6 Carbonyl compounds - ALDEHYDES and KETONES - introduction to their chemical reactivity

Nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide to aldehydes and ketones to form a hydroxy-nitrile

Addition of hydrogen to aldehydes and ketones - reduction with LiAlH₄ or NaBH₄ to give alcohols

The iodination of ketones e.g. a 2-one like propanone (a methyl ketone) to give iodo-ketones

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