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Part 5. Carbonyl chemistry of
ALDEHYDES & KETONES
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Brown's Chemistry Advanced Level Pre-University Chemistry Revision Study
Notes for UK KS5 A/AS GCE IB advanced level organic chemistry students US
K12 grade 11 grade 12 organic chemistry
INDEX of revision notes on aldehydes & ketones
All Advanced A Level Organic
Chemistry Notes
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5.1
Molecular Structure and Nomenclature of
aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones
(Also includes an introduction as to how
to write and display aldehyde and ketone formulae including isomers)
5.2
Physical properties of aldehydes and
ketones and intermolecular bonding forces
5.3
Methods of preparing aldehydes and
ketones
5.4
The structure and reactivity of
aldehydes and ketones and nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide
(also includes the hydrolysis of the
resulting nitriles to carboxylic acids)
5.5
The reduction of aldehydes and
ketones with NaBH4
and LiAlH4 and
reduction of nitriles
5.6
Examples of addition - elimination
condensation reactions of aldehydes & ketones (including with 24DNPH
product for identification)
5.7
The oxidation of aldehydes and
ketones, link with chemical tests and the iodoform reaction
5.8
The uses of aldehydes and ketones
and their occurrence in nature
Aldehydes and ketones reaction
mechanisms
The following notes have
basic reaction conditions, reagents and general equations as well as
detailed notes on the mechanisms indicated
(overlap because they were written before above sections 5.2 to 5.8 were
compiled)
Part
10.6 Carbonyl compounds - ALDEHYDES and
KETONES - introduction
to their chemical reactivity
Nucleophilic addition of
hydrogen cyanide to aldehydes and ketones to form a hydroxy-nitrile
Addition of hydrogen
to aldehydes and ketones -
reduction with LiAlH4 or NaBH4
to give alcohols
The iodination of ketones e.g.
a 2-one like propanone (a methyl ketone) to give iodo-ketones
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