ethanoic acid low high resolution H-1 proton nmr spectrum of ethanoic acid analysis interpretation of chemical shifts ppm spin spin line splitting doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

Advanced Organic Chemistry: H-1 NMR spectrum of ethanoic acid CH₃COOH

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Interpreting the H-1 hydrogen-1 (proton) NMR spectrum of ethanoic acid (acetic acid) CH₃COOH (re-edit)

Doc Brown's Chemistry Advanced Level Pre-University Chemistry Revision Study Notes for UK IB KS5 A/AS GCE advanced A level organic chemistry students US K12 grade 11 grade 12 organic chemistry courses involving molecular spectroscopy analysing H-1 NMR spectra of ethanoic acid

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H-1 proton NMR spectroscopy - spectra index

low and high resolution H-1 proton nmr spectrum of ethanoic acid analysis interpretation of chemical shifts ppm spin spin line splitting diagram doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

TMS is the acronym for tetramethylsilane, formula Si(CH₃)₄, whose protons are arbitrarily given a chemical shift of 0.0 ppm. This is the 'standard' in ¹H NMR spectroscopy and all other proton shifts, called chemical shifts, depend on the individual (electronic) chemical environment of the hydrogen atoms in an organic molecule - ethanoic acid here.

The chemical shifts quoted in ppm on the diagram of the H-1 NMR spectrum of ethanoic acid represent the peaks of the intensity of the chemical shifts of (which are often groups of split lines at high resolution) AND the relative integrated areas under the peaks gives you the ratio of protons in the different chemical environments of the ethanoic acid molecule.

Ethanoic acid, C₂H₄O₂, , (c) doc b , ,

For more see Structure and naming of CARBOXYLIC ACIDS and DERIVATIVES, including isomers

Interpreting the H-1 NMR spectrum of ethanoic acid

For relatively simple molecules, the low resolution H-1 NMR spectrum of ethanoic acid is a good starting point.

The hydrogen atoms (protons) of ethanoic acid occupy 2 different chemical environments so that the H-1 proton low resolution NMR spectra should show principal 2 peaks in the ratio 3 : 1 (diagram above).

CH₃COOH

(note the 3: 1 ratio of the 2 colours of the protons indicating the 2 chemically different environments)

The integrated proton ratio observed of 3:1, corresponds with the structural formula of ethanoic acid.

The two ¹H chemical environments in the ethanoic acid molecule.

(i) The methyl group protons (CH₃, 2.1 ppm chemical shift)

(ii) The hydroxy proton (OH, 11.4 ppm chemical shift).

The latter is quite large due to the combined field effect of the two highly electronegative oxygen atoms.

There is no need to consider the very high resolution spectrum of ethanoic acid, as there are no other immediate protons adjacent to the H of the hydroxyl OH group, or the H's of the CH₃ group so the spin-spin splitting lines would be to weak to be observed.

Comparing the infrared, mass, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra of the 2 isomers of C₂H₄O₂ NOTE: The images are linked to their original detailed spectral analysis pages AND can be doubled in size with touch screens to increase the definition to the original ethanoic acid (acetic acid) and methyl methanoate (methyl formate) image sizes.

INFRARED SPECTRA: Apart from the significant differences in the fingerprint region at wavenumbers 1500 to 400 cm^-1, the most striking difference is the broad O-H stretching band ~3200 cm^-1, found in the infrared spectrum of carboxylic acids, but absent in the infrared spectrum of esters.

MASS SPECTRA: Apart from the m/z of 60 for the parent molecular ion and m/z 15 ion [CH₃]⁺, both ethanoic acid and methyl methanoate show few similarities in their mass spectra. Their base ion peaks are quite different - for ethanoic acid it is m/z 43 and for methyl methanoate it is m/z 31.

1H NMR SPECTRA: The 1H NMR spectra of ethanoic acid and methyl methanoate are similar with two 'wide-apart' chemical shift singlet peaks in the integrated proton ratio of 3:1 (meaning 2 different ¹H chemical environments). However, although no splitting is observed, the ¹H chemical shifts for the two molecules are different, those of ethanoic acid are much further apart.

13C NMR SPECTRA: The 13C NMR spectra of ethanoic acid and methyl methanoate are similar, both molecules give two C-13 NMR spectral lines (meaning 2 different ¹³C chemical environments).

Number of protons ¹H causing splitting	Splitting pattern produced from the n+1 rule and the theoretical ratio of line intensities
0 means no splitting							1
1 creates a doublet						1		1
2 creates a triplet					1		2		1
3 creates a quartet				1		3		3		1
4 creates a quintet			1		4		6		4		1
5 creates a sextet		1		5		10		10		5		1
6 creates a septet	1		6		15		20		15		6		1

Key words & phrases: Interpreting the proton H-1 NMR spectra of ethanoic acid, low resolution & high resolution proton nmr spectra of ethanoic acid, H-1 nmr spectrum of ethanoic acid, understanding the hydrogen-1 nmr spectrum of ethanoic acid, explaining the line splitting patterns in the high resolution H-1 nmr spectra of ethanoic acid, revising the H-1 nmr spectrum of ethanoic acid, proton nmr of ethanoic acid, ppm chemical shifts of the H-1 nmr spectrum of ethanoic acid, explaining and analyzing spin spin line splitting in the H-1 nmr spectrum, how to construct the diagram of the H-1 nmr spectrum of ethanoic acid, how to work out the number of chemically different protons in the structure of the ethanoic acid organic molecule, how to analyse the chemical shifts in the hydrogen-1 H-1 proton NMR spectrum of ethanoic acid Molecular structure diagram of the proton NMR diagram for the 1H NMR spectrum of ethanoic acid. The proton ratio in the 1H NMR spectrum of ethanoic acid. Deducing the number of different chemical environments of the protons in the ethanoic acid molecule from the 1H chemical shifts in the hydrogen-1 NMR spectrum of ethanoic acid. Analysing the high resolution 1H NMR spectrum of ethanoic acid. Analysing the low resolution 1H NMR spectrum of ethanoic acid. You may need to know the relative molecular mass of ethanoic acid to deduce the molecular formula from the proton ratio of the 1H NMR spectrum of ethanoic acid. Revision notes on the proton NMR spectrum of ethanoic acid. Matching and deducing the structure of the ethanoic acid molecule from its hydrogen-1 NMR spectrum. Proton NMR spectroscopy of carboxylic acids, 1H NMR spectra of ethanoic acid, an isomer of molecular formula C2H4O2 How do you interpret the H-1 NMR spectrum of ethanoic acid How to interpret the H-1 NMR spectrum of ethanoic acid Explanatory diagram of the 1H H-1 proton NMR spectrum of the ethanoic acid molecule in terms of its molecular structure. Listing data of all the chemical shift peaks in ppm in the proton NMR spectrum of ethanoic acid. How to explain the H-1 NMR spectrum of ethanoic acid. The values of the integrated proton ratios in the 1-H NMR spectrum of the ethanoic acid molecule. How to work out the molecular structure of the ethanoic acid molecule from its proton NMR spectrum. The uses and distinctive features of the proton NMR spectrum of the ethanoic acid molecule explained. What does the H-1 proton NMR spectrum tell us about the structure and properties of the ethanoic acid molecule?

Links associated with ethanoic acid

The infrared spectrum of Ethanoic acid (acetic acid)

The C-13 NMR spectrum of Ethanoic acid (acetic acid)

The mass spectrum of Ethanoic acid (acetic acid)

The chemistry of CARBOXYLIC ACIDS and DERIVATIVES revision notes INDEX

H-1 proton NMR spectroscopy index

(Please read 8 points at the top of the ¹H NMR index page)

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