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The H-1
hydrogen-1 (proton) NMR spectrum of chlorobenzene
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Brown's Chemistry Advanced Level Pre-University Chemistry Revision Study
Notes for UK IB KS5 A/AS GCE advanced A level organic chemistry students US
K12 grade 11 grade 12 organic chemistry courses involving molecular
spectroscopy analysing H-1 NMR spectra of chlorobenzene
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H-1 proton NMR spectroscopy -
spectra index
TMS is the acronym for tetramethylsilane, formula Si(CH3)4,
whose protons are arbitrarily given a chemical shift of 0.0 ppm.
This is the 'standard' in 1H NMR spectroscopy and all
other proton shifts, called chemical shifts, depend on the
individual (electronic) chemical environment of the hydrogen atoms
in an organic molecule - chlorobenzene here.
The chemical shifts quoted in ppm on the diagram of
the H-1 NMR spectrum of chlorobenzene represent the peaks of the intensity of
the chemical shifts of (which are often groups of split lines at
high resolution) AND the relative integrated areas under the peaks
gives you the ratio of protons in the different chemical
environments of the chlorobenzene molecule.
chlorobenzene, C6H5Cl,
Interpreting the
H-1 NMR spectrum of
chlorobenzene
The hydrogen atoms (protons) of chlorobenzene occupy
3 different chemical environments so that the very high resolution NMR
spectra should show 3 peaks for 3 different H-1 NMR chemical shifts (diagram above for
chlorobenzene).
Chemical shifts (a) to (c) on the H-1 NMR
spectrum diagram for chlorobenzene.
(a) to
(b) 1H
Chemical shift 7.14 to 7.43 ppm
All three proton resonances are close
together, but you need very high resolution to sort them
out.
Theoretically for the 1H NMR resonance peaks
(a) is for the proton attached to
carbon atom C4.
(b) is for the protons attached to
carbon atoms C3 and C5.
(c) is for the protons attached to
carbon atoms C2 and C6.
The integrated proton ratio would be
(1) : (2) : (2)
The group of these spectral lines is typical
of a benzene ring group of protons e.g. in the molecule of
chlorobenzene.
|
Number of directly adjacent protons 1H
causing splitting |
Splitting pattern produced from the
n+1 rule on spin-spin coupling and the theoretical ratio of line intensities |
| 0
means no splitting |
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|
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1 |
|
|
|
|
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| 1
creates a doublet |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2
creates a triplet |
|
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|
1 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
| 3
creates a quartet |
|
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|
1 |
|
3 |
|
3 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
| 4
creates a quintet |
|
|
1 |
|
4 |
|
6 |
|
4 |
|
1 |
|
|
| 5
creates a sextet |
|
1 |
|
5 |
|
10 |
|
10 |
|
5 |
|
1 |
|
| 6
creates a septet |
1 |
|
6 |
|
15 |
|
20 |
|
15 |
|
6 |
|
1 |
Key words & phrases: C6H5Cl
Interpreting the proton H-1 NMR spectra of chlorobenzene, low resolution & high resolution proton
nmr spectra of chlorobenzene, H-1 nmr spectrum of chlorobenzene, understanding the
hydrogen-1 nmr spectrum of chlorobenzene, explaining the line splitting patterns in the
high resolution H-1 nmr spectra of chlorobenzene, revising the H-1 nmr spectrum of
chlorobenzene,
proton nmr of chlorobenzene, ppm chemical shifts of the H-1 nmr spectrum of
chlorobenzene,
explaining and analyzing spin spin line splitting in the H-1 nmr spectrum, how
to construct the diagram of the H-1 nmr spectrum of chlorobenzene, how to work out the
number of chemically different protons in the structure of the chlorobenzene organic
molecule, how to analyse the chemical shifts in the hydrogen-1 H-1 proton NMR
spectrum of chlorobenzene using the n+1 rule to explain the spin - spin coupling ine
splitting in the proton nmr spectrum of chlorobenzene deducing the nature of the protons
from the chemical shifts ppm in the H-1 nmr spectrum of chlorobenzene
examining the 1H nmr spectrum of chlorobenzene analysing the 1-H nmr spectrum of
chlorobenzene how do you sketch and interpret the H-1 NMR spectrum of
chlorobenzene
interpreting interpretation of the H-1 proton NMR spectrum of chlorobenzene
C6H5Cl
Links associated
with chlorobenzene
The chemistry of AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
revision notes INDEX
H-1 proton NMR spectroscopy index
(Please
read 8 points at the top of the 1H NMR index page)
ALL SPECTROSCOPY INDEXES
All Advanced Organic
Chemistry Notes
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