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GCSE Chemistry Notes: Sub-index of pages on chemical equilibria and ammonia etc.
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INDEX for Reversible Reactions, Chemical Equilibrium, Ammonia Synthesis by the Haber Process & Nitric acid, their Manufacture and Uses, Fertilisers, Nitrogen Cycle Doc Brown's Chemistry KS4 science GCSE, IGCSE and O level Revision Notes The first two sections introduce the concepts of reversible reactions and a dynamic chemical equilibrium through detailed explanation and example descriptions. The rules on the effect of temperature, pressure and concentration on the position of an equilibrium are also covered. The 3rd section describes the manufacture (synthesis) of ammonia by the Haber Process from nitrogen and hydrogen and how ammonia is converted to nitric acid. The 4th and 5th sections describe some important uses of ammonia and nitric acid, including the use of ammonium and nitrate salts as artificial fertilisers and problems with their use. The last section outlines the 'Nitrogen Cycle' in terms of the basic chemistry and basic biological factors. These revision notes should prove useful for the new AQA GCSE chemistry, Edexcel GCSE chemistry & OCR GCSE chemistry (Gateway & 21st Century) GCSE (9–1), (9-5) & (5-1) science courses.
Equilibrium and ammonia pages index B Reversible reactions and Equilibrium C The Haber Synthesis of ammonia - nitrogen fixation D(a) The manufacture and uses of ammonia-nitric acid-fertilisers (and preparation of ammonium salts) D(b) Use of NPK fertilisers and environmental problems
Word-fill quiz "Reversible Reactions and Chemical Equilibrium" Word-fill quiz "The Synthesis and Uses of Ammonia and Fertilisers" NEW QUIZ Combined QUIZ on rates of reaction, reversible reactions and equilibrium - Le Chatelier's Rules See also Rates of Reaction Notes
1. Reversible Reactions - Introduction 1a The thermal decomposition of ammonium chloride 1b The thermal decomposition of hydrated copper(II) sulphate 1c The reaction of bismuth chloride with water 1d The formation and decomposition of ammonia 1e The formation and hydrolysis of an ester Now in PART A 2. Reversible reactions and Equilibrium
(a) The formation of calcium oxide (lime) and carbon dioxide from calcium carbonate (limestone)
(b) The formation of hydrogen chloride from hydrogen and chlorine (c) The formation of ammonia (see section 3. below) Now in PART B 3. The Synthesis of ammonia - The Haber Process Now in PART C 4(a) Ammonia is used to manufacture nitric acid
4(b) Ammonia is used to manufacture 'artificial' nitrogenous fertilisers
5. Problems with using 'artificial' fertilisers Now in PART D
6. The Nitrogen Cycle Now in PART E GCSE chemistry IGCSE chemistry revision notes on revision website KS4 GCSE Science revision notes on revision website GCSE chemistry guide notes on revision website for schools colleges academies science course tutors images pictures diagrams for revision website science chemistry revision notes on revision website for revising chemistry module topics notes to help on understanding of revision website university courses in science careers in science jobs in the industry laboratory assistant apprenticeships technical internships USA US grade 8 grade 9 grade10 AQA chemistry science GCSE notes on revision website Edexcel chemistry science notes on revision website for OCR 21st century chemistry science notes on revision website OCR GCSE Gateway science chemistry notes on revision website WJEC gcse science chemistry notes on revision website CCEA/CEA gcse chemistry notes science O level chemistry notes for revision website IGCSE chemistry revision notes on 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