(1)
The important gas ammonia is made by a process called the
.
(2) Ammonia is made by combining
(from air) with hydrogen, from e.g.
(natural gas).
(3)
The unbalanced reaction equation is ...
N
2(g) +
H
2(g) ===>
NH
3(g)
and the formation of ammonia is exothermic.
One way of producing hydrogen is to react natural gas with water ...
the unbalanced equation is ...
CH
4(g) + H
2O(g) ===> CO(g) +
H
2(g)
(4) From the rules on chemical equilibrium and the information in (3) you can get a greater yield of ammonia by (i)
the pressure and (ii)
the temperature. However, in reallity, you cannot have the temperature to low or the
of the reaction is too
.
(5)
One of the most important uses of ammonia is to convert it into ammonium salts to provide the element
in
.
(6) For example ...
ammonia +
===> ammonium nitrate
or
ammonia +
==> ammonium sulfate.
The solutions can be evaporated to
the salts.
(7) The use of artificial fertilisers is contraversial because it is costly (
) and does not produce
which needs constant replenishment after each crop.
(8)
Using
like cow dung is
for soils and is the only acceptable way of
. but probably cannot produce the huge quantities of food required to feed the world.