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WEBSITE HOMEPAGE - INDEX 'SITEMAP' of revision material Basic science quizzes designed for ~11 to 14 year old school science students
Revision notes and quizzes designed for ~14 to 16 year old school science students
Revision help for ~16 to 18 year old pre-university chemistry students - higher school
Other 'non-science' stuff Also ...
There are no limits to what we can imagine using the biological structure and function of our brain. Our imagination is created by the laws of chemical reactions and quantum physics. Therefore, there are no limits to what science can achieve and help us understand, BUT, there will always be questions, both scientific and philosophical, about .... what we find out, what we can create, what we do with what we create, and, what we don't know or understand. Students from over 170 countries have used my site during the Covid-19 Pandemic ! Afghanistan * Albania * Algeria * American Samoa * Angola * Anguilla * Antigua and Barbuda * Argentina * Armenia * Australia * Austria * Azerbaijan * Bahamas * Bahrain * Bangladesh * Barbados * Belarus * Belgium * Belize * Benin * Bermuda * Bhutan * Bolivia * Bosnia & Herzegovina * Botswana * Brazil * British Virgin Islands * Brunei * Bulgaria * Burkina Faso * Burundi * Cambodia * Cameroon * Canada * Caribbean Netherlands * Chile * China * Colombia * Costa Rica * Croatia * Cuba * Cyprus * Czechia (Czech Republic) * Democratic Republic of Congo * Denmark * Dominica * Dominican Republic * Ecuador * Egypt * Estonia * Eswatini * Ethiopia * Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) * Fiji * Finland * France * Gambia * Georgia * Germany * Ghana * Greece * Guernsey * Guyana * Haiti * Honduras * Hong Kong * Hungary * Iceland * India * Indonesia * Iran * Iraq * Ireland * Israel * Italy * Jamaica * Japan * Jersey * Jordan * Kazakhstan * Kenya * Kiribati * Kosovo * Kuwait * Laos * Lebanon * Lesotho * Liberia * Lithuania * Luxembourg * Libya * Macao * Madagascar * Malawi * Malaysia * Maldives * Malta * Mauritius * Mexico * Moldova * Mongolia * Morocco * Mozambique * Myanmar * Namibia * Nepal * Netherlands * Nicaragua * Nigeria * Norway * Oman * Pakistan * Palestine * Panama * Papua New Guinea * Paraguay * Peru * Philippines * Poland * Portugal * Puerto Rico * Qatar * Romania * Russia * Rwanda * Saudi Arabia * Serbia * Seychelles * Sierra Leone * Singapore * Sint Maarten * Slovakia * Slovenia * Solomon Islands * Somalia * South Africa * South Korea * South Sudan * Spain * Sri Lanka * St Kitts and Nevis * St Lucia * St Vincent and Grenadines * Sudan * Suriname * Sweden * Syria * Switzerland * Taiwan * Tanzania * Thailand * Timor-Leste * Tonga * Trinidad and Tobago * Turkey * Turkmenistan * Turks and Caicos Islands * Uganda * Ukraine * United Arab Emirates * United Kingdom * United States * Uruguay * Uzbekistan * Vanuatu * Venezuela * Vietnam * Yemen * Zambia * Zimbabwe Secondary school, academy and college systems and my science website UK Secondary School System in terms of science and chemistry - for pupils of ages 11 to 18 KS3 Science - mixture of biology, chemistry and physics for pupils aged 11 to 13 (Pupil Years 7, 8 and 9) KS4 Science - a combined mixture of biology, chemistry and physics or three separate sciences for students aged 14 to 16 (Pupil Years 10 and 11) KS5 Pre-university Advanced Level Chemistry for students aged 16 to 18 (Year 12 and 13 students) Secondary school education in the USA to K-12 in terms of science and chemistry (some grade descriptions overlap) Middle School 6th to 8th grade ages 11 to 14 US grades 6,7,8 science Junior High School 7th to 9th grade ages 12 to 15 US grades 7,8,9 science - a combined mixture of biology, chemistry and physics High School 9th grade to 12th grade ages 14 to 18, (9th to 10th grade ages 14 to 16) US grades 9,10,11,12 biology, chemistry, physics Senior High School 10th to 12th grade ages 15 to 18, (11th to 12th grade ages 16 to 18) US grades 10,11,12 pre-university college chemistry Secondary education in India begins after eight years of elementary education and is divided into two years of secondary education (classes IX and X) and two years of senior secondary education (classes XI and XII). Therefore the Indian secondary school system consists of Upper primary for pupils ages 11 to 13, Secondary for pupils ages 14 to 16 and Upper secondary for students ages 17 to 18 ICSE (CISCE) The Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) is an examination conducted by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examination, a private board of secondary education in India. It has been designed to provide an examination in a course of general education, in accordance with the recommendations of the New Education Policy 1986 (India), through the medium of English. The examination allows secure suitable representations of responsible for schools (which are affiliated to it) in their states or territories. ICSE includes for classes IX, X (Environmental Science and Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)) and XI and XII (chemistry). There are various Indian Examination Boards: At the
end of the secondary phase (class X), students take a set of externally
administered examinations from either a state or national (All-India)
examination board. Students who pass the secondary examinations earn a
certificate usually called the Secondary School Certificate or SSC.
These students are eligible for senior secondary school. Secondary
qualifications may also be known as: Indian Certificate of Secondary
Education (awarded by CISCE), Secondary School Certificate (awarded by
NIOS), Secondary School Leaving Certificate and the All-India Secondary
School Certificate (awarded by CBSE). Australian secondary school system Junior secondary school years 7 to 10 for pupils aged ~12 to 15 studying science as a mixture of biology, chemistry and physics as part of a Year 10 School Certificate Senior secondary school years 11 and 12 for students aged ~16 to 18 studying chemistry as a specialist pre-university advanced level as part of a Senior Secondary School Certificate of Education
"Doc Brown's Chemistry" is a website designed for science students studying GCSE Biology, GCSE/IGCSE Chemistry, GCSE Physics and Advanced Level Chemistry. My website covers the current science syllabus specifications from AQA, Edexcel and OCR examination boards. The website also covers International IGCSE science, biology, chemistry and physics courses. This science revision e-learning website includes notes & quizzes for chemistry, but now includes some biology and physics notes too AND lots of 'unofficial' revision summaries for ALL the current GCSE Sciences (links below). The new GCSE specifications starting in September 2016 are covered completely by Doc Brown's Chemistry plus biology and physics revision notes and specification summaries. The science, biology, chemistry and physics notes are generally aimed at 14-16 year old students and the UK GCSE/IGCSE notes roughly fit in with US grades 8-10.
Doc Brown in action in a Whitby Community College chemistry laboratory (now part of Caedmon College, Whitby) and out in the heather of the North Yorkshire Moors. Note the absence of lab coat, hence the unseen holes in trousers! NEW PAGES or RE-EDITS Nov 6th 5.0 INDEX of ALL revision notes on ALDEHYDES and KETONES 5.1 Molecular Structure and Nomenclature of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones 5.2 Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones and intermolecular bonding forces 5.3 Methods of preparing aldehydes and ketones 5.4 The structure and reactivity of aldehydes and ketones and nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide 5.5 The reduction of aldehydes and ketones with NaBH4 and LiAlH4 and reduction of nitriles to amines 5.6 Examples of addition - elimination condensation reactions of aldehydes & ketones (including with 24DNPH product for identification) 5.7 The oxidation of aldehydes and ketones, link with chemical tests and the iodoform reaction 5.8 The uses of aldehydes and ketones and their occurrence in nature Nov 17th index of evision notes on carboxylic acids and derivatives 6.1 Structure and naming of carboxylic acids and derivatives, esters, amides, acid chlorides/anhydrides etc. 6.2 The physical properties of carboxylic acids - trends discussed and explained (mpts, bpts, solubility, odours!) 6.3 Synthetic routes & methods of preparing carboxylic acids 6.4 The weakly acidic nature and general reactions of carboxylic acids acting as acids - carboxylate salts 6.5 Reduction of carboxylic acids - use of products in organic synthesis, and a unique oxidation! 6.6 The chlorination/bromination of carboxylic acids, use of products in organic synthesis 6.7A Susceptibility of carboxylic acid derivatives to nucleophilic attack - relative reactivity and preparation and reactions of acid chlorides with water, alcohols, ammonia, amines & nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanisms 6.7B Preparation and reactions of acid/acyl anhydrides, nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions, making aspirin 6.8 Esters - preparation, reactions including hydrolysis and transesterification, uses 6.9 Natural esters - triglyceride fats and oils, manufacture of margarine and biodiesel 6.10 The manufacture, molecular structure, properties and uses of polyesters 6.11 Amides - molecular structure, physical properties, preparations and reactions, brief mention of polyamides 6.12 Nitriles - molecular structure, preparations and reactions 6.13 Amino acids - molecular structure, preparation and reactions - two functional group chemistries 6.14 More on the uses of carboxylic acids and derivatives and their occurrence in nature 6.15 Qualitative tests for carboxylic acids and derivatives and a comparison of the acidity of alcohols, phenols and carboxylic acids and quantitative titration of carboxylic acids) Nov 18th The infrared spectrum of cyclohexene The mass spectrum of cyclohexene The H-1 NMR spectrum of cyclohexene The C-13 NMR spectrum of cyclohexene Nov 24th index of aromatics note 7.1 Molecular structure and nomenclature of aromatic compounds 7.2 Proof of the structure of benzene, aromaticity and an introduction to electrophilic substitution in arenes 7.3 Sources & synthesis of including alkylation (electrophilic substitution mechanism) and the physical properties of arenes (aromatic hydrocarbons) and use of arenes like benzene in fuels 7.4 Free radical addition reactions of benzene and methylbenzene with hydrogen (hydrogenation) and side-chain chlorination substitution of the methyl group of methylbenzene 7.5 Electrophilic substitution - ring nitration of benzene and methylbenzene, properties and uses of nitro-aromatics 7.6 Electrophilic substitution - ring halogenation of benzene & methylbenzene, properties & uses of aryl halides 7.7 Electrophilic substitution - ring sulfonation of arenes, properties & uses of alkylbenzenesulfonic acids 7.8 Electrophilic substitution - ring acylation of arenes, properties & uses of aromatic ketones & aromatic aldehydes 7.9 The physical and chemical properties of phenol and some of its derivatives and their uses 7.10 Physical & chemical properties of phenylamine, selected derivatives including diazonium ions and dyes 7.11 The physical and chemical properties of benzoic acid and selected derivatives 7.12 The structure, properties and uses of polyesters and polyamides involving aromatic monomers 7.13 Examples of aromatic compounds from the pharmaceutical industry and those found in natural products 7.14 Explaining the orientation of products of putting a 2nd substituent into a monosubstituted benzene derivative Dec 1st 8.0 Index of organo-nitrogen notes 8.1 Molecular structure and nomenclature of nitrogen containing organic compounds 8.2 The structure, classification and physical properties of aliphatic amine 8.3 Methods of synthesising amines (aliphatic and aromatic), includes reactions of amines with halogenoalkanes 8.4 Acid-base chemistry of aliphatic amines, their comparative strength as bases and reactions with acids 8.5 The chemistry of amides e.g. formation from reacting acid chlorides and acid anhydrides with amines, polyamides - formation, structure, properties and uses 8.6 The complexing reaction of primary aliphatic amines with d-block metal ions (transition metal complexes) 8.7 Amine bases and the hydrogen bonding in DNA and RNA 8.8 LINKS to all my advanced level notes on amino acids, peptides, polypeptides and types of proteins 8.9 Occurrence of organo-nitrogen compounds in nature and pharmaceutical products Dec 3rd Stereoregular polymers - isotactic/atactic/syndiotactic poly(propene) - use of Ziegler-Natta catalysts date ?biology chemistry physics online learning for science students in Afghanistan biology chemistry physics online learning for science students in Albania biology chemistry physics online learning for science students in Algeria biology chemistry physics online learning for science students in American Samoa biology chemistry physics online learning for science students in Angola biology chemistry physics online learning for science students in Anguilla biology chemistry physics online learning for science students in Antigua and Barbuda biology 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The GOOGLE SEARCH BOX BELOW, is
also at the bottom of every page, AND, is dedicated to my site It's a big site of over 1600 science pages
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