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*A level inorganic chemistry: 3d block-transition metal complexes - the electronic theory of colour
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Appendix 4 Electron configurations and the theory and variation of complex ion colour Why are most transition metal complexes coloured? Why are some complexes colourless? What is the origin of colour? The electronic theory of 3d orbital splitting by the ligands to create the possibility of quantum level change is described and why many transition metal complexes absorb visible light so that the colour you see is the visible light that is transmitted i.e. unabsorbed. Note how changing the oxidation state or the ligand changes the complex electronically sufficiently to produce different colours even for the same central transition metal ion.
Doc Brown's Chemistry Advanced Level Pre-University Chemistry Revision Study Notes for UK IB KS5 A/AS GCE advanced level inorganic chemistry students US K12 grade 11 grade 12 inorganic chemistry - 3d block transition metal chemistry Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn |
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INORGANIC Part 10 3d block TRANSITION METALS sub–index: 10.1–10.2 Introduction 3d–block Transition Metals * 10.3 Scandium * 10.4 Titanium * 10.5 Vanadium * 10.6 Chromium * 10.7 Manganese * 10.8 Iron * 10.9 Cobalt * 10.10 Nickel * 10.11 Copper * 10.12 Zinc * 10.13 Other Transition Metals e.g. Ag and Pt * Appendix 1. Hydrated salts, acidity of hexa–aqua ions * Appendix 2. Complexes & ligands * Appendix 3. Complexes and isomerism * Appendix 4. Electron configuration & colour theory * Appendix 5. Redox equations, feasibility, Eø * Appendix 6. Catalysis * Appendix 7. Redox equations * Appendix 8. Stability Constants and entropy changes * Appendix 9. Colorimetric analysis and complex ion formula * Appendix 10 3d block – extended data * Appendix 11 Some 3d–block compounds, complexes, oxidation states & electrode potentials * Appendix 12 Hydroxide complex precipitate 'pictures', formulae and equations Advanced Level Inorganic Chemistry Periodic Table Index: Part 1 Periodic Table history * Part 2 Electron configurations, spectroscopy, hydrogen spectrum, ionisation energies * Part 3 Period 1 survey H to He * Part 4 Period 2 survey Li to Ne * Part 5 Period 3 survey Na to Ar * Part 6 Period 4 survey K to Kr and important trends down a group * Part 7 s–block Groups 1/2 Alkali Metals/Alkaline Earth Metals * Part 8 p–block Groups 3/13 to 0/18 * Part 9 Group 7/17 The Halogens * Part 10 3d block elements & Transition Metal Series * Part 11 Group & Series data & periodicity plots * All 11 Parts have their own sub–indexes near the top of the pages |
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Appendix 4. Electron configurations and the theory and variation of complex ion colour
The electronic ground states of scandium(III), titanium(III), copper(II) and zinc(II) are illustrated below.
The colours/colourless of the four complex ions shown above are illustrated below.
Scandium * Titanium * Vanadium * Chromium * Manganese Iron * Cobalt * Nickel * Copper * Zinc * Silver & Platinum Introduction 3d–block Transition Metals * Appendix 1. Hydrated salts, acidity of hexa–aqua ions * Appendix 2. Complexes & ligands * Appendix 3. Complexes and isomerism * Appendix 4. Electron configuration & colour theory * Appendix 5. Redox equations, feasibility, Eø * Appendix 6. Catalysis * Appendix 7. Redox equations * Appendix 8. Stability Constants and entropy changes * Appendix 9. Colorimetric analysis and complex ion formula * Appendix 10 3d block – extended data * Appendix 11 Some 3d–block compounds, complexes, oxidation states & electrode potentials * Appendix 12 Hydroxide complex precipitate 'pictures', formulae and equations |
Doc Brown's Chemistry |
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