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A Level Organic Chemistry: Reaction mechanisms - alcohol plus hydrogen halide ==> RX
Doc Brown's GCE Chemistry Revising Advanced Level Organic Chemistry GCE A Level Revision Notes PART 10 Summary of organic reaction mechanisms - A mechanistic introduction to organic chemistry and explanations of different types of organic reactions 10.5.2 Reaction of alcohols with hydrogen halides Examples are explained of the organic chemistry mechanisms for alcohols - substitution mechanism for the conversion of an alcohol to a halogenoalkane and the mechanism of alcohol dehydration to form an alkene See also Esterification of acid chlorides with alcohols to give an ester
Part 10.5 ALCOHOLS - 10.5.1 Introduction
10.5.2 The acid catalysed conversion of alcohol to haloalkane The organic synthesis of halogenoalkanes from alcohols and aqueous hydrogen halides
mechanism 13 – substitution of the OH group of an alcohol by a halide ion ('unimolecular' via carbocation)
mechanism 12 – substitution of the OH group of an alcohol by a halide ion (bimolecular)
10.5.3 The acid catalysed elimination of water from an alcohol on separate page now 10.6 Carbonyl compounds – nucleophilic addition to ALDEHYDES and KETONES on separate page now 10.6.3 Nucleophilic addition of a hydride ion in the reduction of aldehydes/ketones to primary/secondary alcohols on separate page now 10.6.4 The iodination of ketones (substitution reaction, not a nucleophilic addition) on separate page now 10.7 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS and DERIVATIVES – Acyl/acid chlorides - hydrolysis on separate page now 10.7.3 Acyl chloride esterification by nucleophilic addition–elimination on separate page now 10.7.4 Amide formation via acyl chloride by nucleophilic addition–elimination on separate page now keywords phrases: reaction conditions formula intermediates organic chemistry reaction mechanisms substitution reaction R3C–OH + HX ==> R3C–X + H2O R3C–OH + H3O+ + X– ==> R3C–X + 2H2O HX(g/aq) + H2O(l) => H3O+(aq) + X– (aq) (CH3)3C–OH + HCl (CH3)3C–Cl + H2O COMPLETE MECHANISM and Organic Synthesis INDEX (so far!)
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