Periodic table of element - electron configurations of atoms and ions
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Part 2 Electronic structure, spectroscopy & ionisation energies (re-edit) Section 2.3 The electron configurations of the elements for atomic numbers Z = 1 to 58 Doc Brown's Advanced Level Chemistry Notes on Pre-University Inorganic Chemistry - Periodic Table Revision Notes UK A level US grade 11 and grade 12 K12 honors Parts 2.1 to 2.2 should be read and studied first! Sub-index for this page and other sections Part 2.3 uses the rules on assigning electron arrangements, and how the quantum level notation is written out, and using boxes to represent orbitals, as well as the usual written orbital notation, is given for elements Z = 1 to 56.
Part 2.4 The relationship between electron configuration and the Periodic Table and uses the electron configurations to show how the Periodic Table arises, i.e. an element's position in the Periodic Table and hence its chemistry, is primarily determined by the arrangement of its outer valency electrons. Part 2.5 shows how to work out the electron configuration of ions, (positive cations or negative anions formed by the loss or gain of valence electrons) and relating electron arrangements to the oxidation states exhibited by selected elements. See also on other separate pages part ... 2.1 The electronic basis of the modern Periodic Table 2.2 The electronic structure of atoms (including s p d f subshells/orbitals/notation) 2.6 Spectroscopy and the hydrogen spectrum 2.7 Evidence of quantum levels from ionisation energies 2.8 Emission and absorption spectra of elements The electron configuration of all 118 elements laid out in the Periodic Table |
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2.3 List of the Electron Configurations of Elements Z = 1 to 56 using the advanced s, p, d and f notation
Quantum sub-shell filling order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s The electron spin box diagrams can be used to show the full electronic structure based on the above 'blank' set of electronic energy levels e.g.
The electron configurations of carbon and neon
The electron configurations of silicon and argon
The electron configurations of calcium and vanadium
More 'quantum level quirks'! A note on two anomalies in the 3d block, namely the transition metals chromium and copper:
2.4 Electron configuration and the Periodic Table
The positions of the s and p blocks of elements in the periodic table and their electron configurations (Groups 1-2, 3/13 to 0/18). (These s and p block elements are NOT coloured in cyan). For a fuller picture see Periodic Table sub-page 2. All the elements laid out in the modern full periodic table (no electron configurations)
The positions of the d block elements in the periodic table, including the transition metal series and their electron configurations (the elements coloured in cyan). For a fuller picture see Periodic Table sub-page 2. All the elements laid out in the modern full periodic table (no electron configurations) The above images are a bit 'condensed', but clearer diagrams are shown on separate pages, including, in some cases, the f blocks in the table of all 118 known elements. 1. Electron configurations of all elements except 4d, 5d, 5f and 6d blocks 2. All the elements laid out in the modern full periodic table (no electron configurations) 3. Electron configurations of all elements laid out in a compacted modern full periodic table 3. Electron configurations of all elements laid out in expanded modern full periodic table (These pages need a wide screen resolution to be seen in full)
2.5 Electronic configuration of ions and oxidation states How do you work out the electron arrangement of ions? How do you work out the electron configuration of ions? In what order to you remove electrons for positive ions? In what order do you add electrons for negative ions?
Learning objectives for working out the electron configuration of elements and simple ions Know for electron arrangements, the filling of the sub-shell orbitals is in the order 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p (up to Z = 36) Know the order of writing out the sub-shells and electron configuration is in the order: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p (up to Z = 36) Know how to depict electron configurations with 'boxes' showing the spin of the electrons. Know the two anomalous electron configurations of the 3d block transition metals chromium and copper. Be able to describe and understand the electron configuration basis of the periodic table e.g. all the elements of groups 1-2 and 13 to 18 have the same outer configuration of their s and p orbitals. Know the modern periodic table of groups 1 to 18 as designated by the IUPAC. From a given electron configuration at least up to Z = 36, predict which group or series the element belongs too. Know the outer electron configurations of an s block element, p block element and a d block element. Be able to work out the electron configuration of the simple ions from elements with atomic numbers 1 to 36 e.g. positive ions from metals like Na+, Ca2+ or Fe3+, and negative ions like N3-, O2- or Cl-. Know what the term isoelectronic means i.e. atoms of ions with the same number of electrons and hence the same electron arrangements. SPECTROSCOPY, the HYDROGEN SPECTRUM and IONISATION ENERGY PATTERNS are now on a separate pages
keywords and phrases: revision study notes for AQA Edexcel OCR Salters advanced A level chemistry on how to use the rules on assigning electron arrangements, and how the electron configuration notation is written out, how to use boxes to represent orbitals of electrons, how to explain the relationship between electron configuration and the position of an element in the Periodic Table, using electron configurations to show how the Periodic Table is worked out, explaining an element's position in the Periodic Table and the electronic origin of the element's chemistry, which is due to the arrangement of its outer valency electrons. How to work out the electron configuration of positive and negative ions from the electron configuration of the element and explaining maximum and minimum oxidation sates from the electron configuration of an element. How to work out the electron configurations of the elements Alphabetical order of the elements of the periodic table symbol name atomic number: electron configuration of Ac Actinium 89, electron configuration of Al Aluminium 13, electron configuration of Sb Antimony 51, electron configuration of Ar Argon 18, electron configuration of As Arsenic 33, electron configuration of At Astatine 85, electron configuration of Ba Barium 56, electron configuration of Be Beryllium 4, electron configuration of Bi Bismuth 83, electron configuration of B Boron 5, electron configuration of Br Bromine 35, electron configuration of Cd Cadmium 48, electron configuration of Cs Caesium 55, electron configuration of Ca Calcium 20, electron configuration of C Carbon 6, electron configuration of Ce Cerium 58, electron configuration of Cl Chlorine 17, electron configuration of Cr Chromium 24, electron configuration of Co Cobalt 27, electron configuration of Cu Copper 29, electron configuration of Dy Dysprosium 66, electron configuration of Er Erbium 68, electron configuration of Eu Europium 63, electron configuration of F Fluorine 9, electron configuration of Fr Francium 87, electron configuration of Gd Gadolinium 64, electron configuration of Ga Gallium 31, electron configuration of Ge Germanium 32, electron configuration of Au Gold 79, electron configuration of Hf Hafnium 72, electron configuration of He Helium 2, electron configuration of Ho Holmium 67, electron configuration of H Hydrogen 1, electron configuration of In Indium 49, electron configuration of I Iodine 53, electron configuration of Ir Iridium 77, electron configuration of Fe Iron 26, electron configuration of Kr Krypton 36, electron configuration of La Lanthanum 57, electron configuration of Pb Lead 82, electron configuration of Li Lithium 3, electron configuration of Lu Lutetium 71, electron configuration of Mg Magnesium 12, electron configuration of Mn Manganese 25, electron configuration of Hg Mercury 80, electron configuration of Mo Molybdenum 42, electron configuration of Nd Neodymium 60, electron configuration of Ne Neon 10, electron configuration of Ni Nickel 28, electron configuration of Nb Niobium 41, electron configuration of N Nitrogen 7, electron configuration of Os Osmium 76, electron configuration of O Oxygen 8, electron configuration of Pd Palladium 46, electron configuration of P Phosphorus 15, electron configuration of Pt Platinum 78, electron configuration of Po Polonium 84, electron configuration of K Potassium 19, electron configuration of Pr Praseodymium 59, electron configuration of Pm Promethium 61, electron configuration of Pa Protactinium 91, electron configuration of Ra Radium 88, electron configuration of Rn Radon 86, electron configuration of Re Rhenium 75, electron configuration of Rh Rhodium 45, electron configuration of Rb Rubidium 37, electron configuration of Ru Ruthenium 44, electron configuration of Sm Samarium 62, electron configuration of Sc Scandium 21, electron configuration of Se Selenium 34, electron configuration of Si Silicon 14, electron configuration of Ag Silver 47, electron configuration of Na Sodium 11, electron configuration of Sr Strontium 38, electron configuration of S Sulfur 16, electron configuration of Ta Tantalum 73, electron configuration of Tc Technetium 43, electron configuration of Te Tellurium 52, electron configuration of Tb Terbium 65, electron configuration of Tl Thallium 81, electron configuration of Th Thorium 90, electron configuration of Tm Thulium 69, electron configuration of Sn Tin 50, electron configuration of Ti Titanium 22, electron configuration of W Tungsten 74, electron configuration of U Uranium 92, electron configuration of V Vanadium 23, electron configuration of Xe Xenon 54, electron configuration of Yb Ytterbium 70, electron configuration of Y Yttrium 39, electron configuration of Zn Zinc 30, electron configuration of Zr Zirconium 40, electron configuration of Np Neptunium 93, electron configuration of Pu Plutonium 94, electron configuration of Am Americium 95, electron configuration of Cm Curium 96, electron configuration of Bk Berkelium 97, electron configuration of Cf Californium 98, electron configuration of Es Einsteinium 99, electron configuration of Fm Fermium 100, electron configuration of Md Mendelevium 101, electron configuration of No Nobelium 102, electron configuration of Lr Lawrencium 103, electron configuration of Rf Rutherfordium 104, electron configuration of Db Dubnium 105, electron configuration of Sg Seaborgium 106, electron configuration of Bh Bohrium 107, electron configuration of Hs Hassium 108, electron configuration of Mt Meitnerium 109, electron configuration of Ds Darmstadtium 110, electron configuration of Rg Roentgenium 111, electron configuration of Cn Copernicium 112, electron configuration of Nh Nihonium 113, electron configuration of Fl Flerovium 114, electron configuration of Mc Moscovium 115, electron configuration of Lv Livermorium 116, electron configuration of Ts Tennessine 117, electron configuration of Og Oganesson 118
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