infrared spectrum of methyl propanoate C4H8O2 CH3CH2COOCH3 prominent wavenumbers cm-1 detecting ester functional groups present finger print for identification of methyl propionate image diagram doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

Advanced Organic Chemistry: Infrared spectrum of methyl propanoate CH₃CH₂COOCH₃

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Interpreting and explaining the infrared spectrum of methyl propanoate (methyl propionate)

[Author © Dr Phil Brown PhD: Doc Brown's advanced level organic chemistry exam revision notes suitable for students of UK A level chemistry courses & US K12 grade 11, grade 12 and AP honors chemistry courses: Molecular spectroscopy - analysing the infrared spectra of methyl propanoate [spectra page updated April 4th 2026 *]

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Introductory note on the infrared spectrum of methyl propanoate

Students and teachers please note my explanation of the infrared spectrum of methyl propanoate is designed for advanced, but pre-university, chemistry courses.

Based in the infrared spectrum diagram for methyl propanoate, only some of the most prominent peaks for particular bond vibrations are discussed, particularly if methyl propanoate has a functional group with a particular characteristic wavenumber peak.

The infrared spectrum of methyl propanoate is unique and the whole, or selected wavenumbers, can be used to fingerprint its identity, sometimes analysing a mixture containing methyl propanoate or following its change of concentration in a reaction.

infrared spectrum of methyl propanoate C4H8O2 CH3CH2COOCH3 wavenumbers cm-1 functional group detection fingerprint pattern identification of methyl propionate doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

Spectra obtained from a liquid film of methyl propanoate. The right-hand part of the of the infrared spectrum of methyl propanoate, wavenumbers ~1500 to 400 cm^-1 is considered the fingerprint region for the identification of methyl propanoate and most organic compounds. It is due to a unique set of complex overlapping vibrations of the atoms of the molecule of methyl propanoate.

Methyl propanoate (methyl propionate)

an ester, The molecular structure and naming of carboxylic acids and derivatives

Interpretation of the infrared spectrum of methyl propanoate

The most prominent infrared absorption lines of methyl propanoate

C-H stretching vibration absorptions occur in the wavenumber region 2975 to 2860 cm^-1.

Not very important, common to most organic molecules.

For saturated aliphatic esters, C=O stretching vibration absorptions occur in the wavenumber region 1750 to 1735 cm^-1.

This is a very characteristic absorption for any molecule e.g. an ester, with a carbonyl group.

For methyl propanoate, C-O stretching vibration absorptions occur in the wavenumber region 1200 to 1170 cm^-1.

The absence of other specific functional group bands will show that a particular functional group is absent from the methyl ethanoate molecular structure e.g. no hydroxyl group vibration, a wide band at ~3500 to 2500 cm^-1, obviously not expected for an ester like methyl propanoate, but expected for a carboxylic acid like the isomeric butanoic acid.

The absence of other specific functional group bands will show that a particular functional group is absent from the methyl propanoate molecular structure.

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Links associated with methyl propanoate

The mass spectrum of methyl propanoate (methyl propionate)

The H-1 NMR spectrum of methyl propanoate (methyl propionate)

The C-13 NMR spectrum of methyl propanoate (methyl propionate)

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