Advanced Organic Chemistry: 1H NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane CH2ClCHCl2

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Interpreting and explaining the H-1 hydrogen-1 (proton) NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane

[Author © Dr Phil Brown PhD: Doc Brown's advanced level organic chemistry exam revision notes suitable for students of UK A level chemistry courses & US K12 grade 11, grade 12 and AP honors chemistry courses: Molecular spectrometry - analysing the 1H NMR spectra of 1,1,2-trichloroethane [spectra page updated April 3rd 2026 *]

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 H-1 proton NMR spectroscopy - spectra index

Introductory note on the 1H NMR spectra of 1,1,2-trichloroethane

Students and teachers please note my explanation of the proton NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane is designed for advanced, but pre-university, chemistry courses.

The chemical shift δ splitting pattern effects for 1,1,2-trichloroethane are confined to a proton spin-spin coupling effects analysed using the n+1 rule for adjacent non-equivalent proton fields (n is the number of neighbouring protons in a non-equivalent different chemical environment for the 1,1,2-trichloroethane molecule).

It is assumed that the integrated intensities of the δ chemical shifts give the ratio of the protons in the different non-equivalent chemical environments of the 1,1,2-trichloroethane molecule.

The most common solvent used for investigating the 1H NMR spectrum of compounds like 1,1,2-trichloroethane, is CDCl3 and other deuterated solvents to avoid confusion with a 1H NMR signal, 2D (2H) has a different chemical shift.

1H proton nmr spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane low/high resolution diagrams C2H3Cl3 Cl2CHCH2Cl analysis interpretation of chemical shifts ppm spin spin line splitting diagram H1 H-1 nmr for 1,1,2-trichloroethane explaining spin-spin coupling for line splitting doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

TMS is the acronym for tetramethylsilane, formula Si(CH3)4, whose protons are arbitrarily given a chemical shift of 0.0 ppm. This is the 'standard' in 1H NMR spectroscopy and all other proton resonances, called chemical shifts, are measured with respect to the TMS, and depend on the individual (electronic) chemical environment of the hydrogen atoms in an organic molecule - 1,1,2-trichloroethane here.

The chemical shifts quoted in ppm on the diagram of the H-1 NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane represent the peaks of the intensity of the chemical shifts of (which are often groups of split lines at high resolution) AND the relative integrated areas under the peaks gives you the ratio of protons in the different chemical environments of the 1,1,2-trichloroethane molecule.

1,1,2-trichloroethane  Cl2CHCH2Cl  or  CHCl2CH2Cl

The molecular structure and naming of haloalkanes

Interpreting the H-1 NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane

In terms of spin-spin coupling from the possible proton magnetic orientations, for 1,1,2-trichloroethane I have only considered the interactions of non-equivalent protons on adjacent carbon atoms e.g. >CH-CH2.

For relatively simple molecules, the low resolution H-1 NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane is a good starting point (low resolution diagram above).

The hydrogen atoms (protons) of 1,1,2-trichloroethane occupy 2 different chemical environments so that the low resolution NMR spectra should show 2 principal 1H peaks of different H-1 NMR chemical shifts (diagram above for 1,1,2-trichloroethane).

Cl2CH-CH2Cl  or  CHCl2CH2Cl

Note the proton ratio 1:2 of the 2 colours of the protons in the 2 chemically different proton environments

Chemical shifts (a) to (b) on the H-1 NMR spectrum diagram for 1,1,2-trichloroethane.

Although there are 3 hydrogen atoms in the molecule, there are only 2 possible different chemical environments for the hydrogen atoms in 1,1,2-trichloroethane molecule.

The integrated signal proton ratio 1:2 observed in the high resolution H-1 NMR spectrum, corresponds with the structural formula of 1,1,2-trichloroethane.

The high resolution 1H NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane

The high resolution spectra of 1,1,2-trichloroethane shows 2 groups of proton resonances and in the 1:2 ratio expected from the structural formula of 1,1,2-trichloroethane.

The ppm quoted on the diagram represent the peak of resonance intensity for a particular proton group in the molecule of 1,1,2-trichloroethane - since the peak' is at the apex of a band of H-1 NMR resonances due to spin - spin coupling field splitting effects - see high resolution notes on 1,1,2-trichloroethane below.

So, using the chemical shifts and applying the n+1 rule to 1,1,2-trichloroethane and make some predictions using some colour coding! (In problem solving you work the other way round!)

(a) 1H Chemical shift 5.76 ppm, CH proton: CHCl2CH2Cl

This resonance is split into a 1:2:1 triplet by the CH2 protons (n+1 = 3).

Evidence for the presence of a CH2 group in the molecule of 1,1,2-trichloroethane

(b) 1H Chemical shift 3.96 ppm, CH2 protons: CHCl2CH2Cl

This resonance is split into a 1:1 doublet by the CH proton (n+1 = 2).

Evidence for the presence of a CH group in the molecule of 1,1,2-trichloroethane

The splitting pattern from proton spin-spin coupling effects is analysed using the n+1 rule for adjacent non-equivalent proton fields (n is the number of neighbouring protons in a non-equivalent different chemical environment) and applied to the 1H NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
Number of directly adjacent protons 1H causing splitting Splitting pattern produced from the n+1 rule on spin-spin coupling and the theoretical ratio of line intensities
0 means no splitting             1            
1 creates a doublet           1   1          
2 creates a triplet         1   2   1        
3 creates a quartet       1   3   3   1      
4 creates a quintet     1   4   6   4   1    
5 creates a sextet   1   5   10   10   5   1  
6 creates a septet 1   6   15   20   15   6   1

Key words & phrases: C2H3Cl3 Cl2CHCH2Cl CHCl2CH2Cl ClCH2CHCl2 CH2ClCHCl2 Interpreting the proton H-1 NMR spectra of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, low resolution & high resolution proton nmr spectra of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, H-1 nmr spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, understanding the hydrogen-1 nmr spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, explaining the line splitting patterns from spin-spin coupling  in the high resolution H-1 nmr spectra of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, revising the H-1 nmr spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, proton nmr of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, ppm chemical shifts of the H-1 nmr spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, explaining and analyzing spin spin line splitting in the H-1 nmr spectrum, how to construct the diagram of the H-1 nmr spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, how to work out the number of chemically different protons in the structure of the 1,1,2-trichloroethane organic molecule, how to analyse the chemical shifts in the hydrogen-1 H-1 proton NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane using the n+1 rule to explain the spin - spin coupling ine splitting in the proton nmr spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane deducing the nature of the protons from the chemical shifts ppm in the H-1 nmr spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane examining the 1H nmr spectrum of  1,1,2-trichloroethane analysing the 1-H nmr spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane how do you sketch and interpret the H-1 NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane interpreting interpretation of the 1H proton spin-spin coupling causing line splitting in the NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane  assignment of chemical shifts in the proton 1H NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane formula explaining spin-spin coupling for line splitting for 1,1,2-trichloroethane old names functional group How do you interpret the H-1 NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane How to interpret the H-1 NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane Explanatory diagram of the chemical shifts of the 1H H-1 proton NMR spectrum of the 1,1,2-trichloroethane molecule in terms of its molecular structure. Listing data of all the chemical shift peaks in ppm in the proton NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane. How to explain the H-1 NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane. The chemical shifts and  integrated values of the proton ratios in the 1-H NMR spectrum of the 1,1,2-trichloroethane molecule. How to work out the molecular structure of the 1,1,2-trichloroethane molecule from its proton NMR spectrum. The uses and distinctive features of the proton NMR spectrum of the 1,1,2-trichloroethane molecule explained. What does the H-1 proton NMR spectrum chemical shifts tell us about the structure and properties of the 1,1,2-trichloroethane molecule? explaining the spin-spin proton coupling effects in the 1H NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane. interpretation diagram explaining the proton splitting pattern produced from the n+1 rule and the theoretical ratio of chemical shift δ and values of intensities for the proton NMR spectrum lines of 1,1,2-trichloroethane

Links associated with 1,1,2-trichloroethane

The infrared spectrum of 1,1,1-trichloroethane

The infrared spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane

The mass spectrum of 1,1,1-trichloroethane

The mass spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 1,1,1-trichloroethane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 1,1,1-trichloroethane

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 1,1,2-trichloroethane

The chemistry of HALOGENOALKANES (haloalkanes) revision notes INDEX

H-1 proton NMR spectroscopy index  (Please read 8 points at the top of the 1H NMR index page)

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