C2H5Br CH3CH2Br C-13 nmr spectrum of bromoethane analysis of chemical shifts ppm interpretation of 13C chemical shifts ppm of bromoethane C13 13-C nmr ethyl bromide doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

Advanced Organic Chemistry: Carbon-13 NMR spectrum of bromoethane CH₃CH₂Br

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Interpreting the ¹³CNMR spectrum of bromoethane

[Author © Dr Phil Brown PhD: Doc Brown's advanced level organic chemistry exam revision notes suitable for students of UK A level chemistry courses & US K12 grade 11, grade 12 & AP honors chemistry courses: Molecular spectroscopy of bromoethane [spectra updated Mar 19th 2026 *]

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C-13 NMR spectroscopy - spectra index

Introductory note on the 13C NMR spectrum of bromoethane

Students and teachers please note that my explanation of the carbon-13 NMR spectrum of bromoethane is designed for advanced, but pre-university, chemistry courses.

The description does not involve the chemical shift δ spin-spin coupling effects for bromoethane and the relative size of the carbon-13 NMR shifts does not give the ratio of the carbon atoms in the different non-equivalent chemical environments of the bromoethane molecule.

The most common solvent used for investigating the C13 NMR spectrum of compounds like bromoethane, is CDCl₃ and other deuterated solvents.

C2H5Br CH3CH2Br C-13 nmr spectrum of bromoethane analysis of chemical shifts ppm interpretation of 13C chemical shifts ppm of bromoethane C13 13-C nmr ethyl bromide doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

TMS is the acronym for tetramethylsilane, formula Si(CH₃)₄, whose ¹³C atoms are arbitrarily given a chemical shift of 0.0 ppm. This is the 'standard' in ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and all other ¹³C resonances, called chemical shifts, are measured with respect to the TMS, and depend on the individual (electronic) chemical environment of the ¹³C atoms in an organic molecule - bromoethane here.

Bromoethane

The molecular structure and naming of haloalkanes

Interpreting the C-13 NMR spectrum of bromoethane

As you can see from the diagram above there are 2 different chemical shift lines in the C-13 NMR spectrum of bromoethane indicating 2 different chemical environments of the carbon atoms.

CH₃CH₂Br

(Note the 2 different colours indicating the 2 different chemical environments of the carbon atoms in bromoethane).

Chemical shifts (a) and (b) on the C-13 NMR spectrum diagram for bromoethane.

Note the decreasing effect on the chemical shift as the carbon atom is further from the more electronegative bromine atom of bromoethane.

The carbon-13 NMR spectra a provides direct evidence of 2 different carbon atom environments for the 2 carbon atoms in the bromoethane molecule, deduced from the presence of 2 different 13C chemical shifts (ppm).

Comparing the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of bromoethane with other monosubstituted halogen derivatives of ethane

Compound	fluoroethane	chloroethane	bromoethane	iodoethane	ethane
Formula	CH₃CH₂F	CH₃CH₂Cl	CH₃CH₂Br	CH₃CH₂I	CH₃CH₃
¹H chemical shift/ppm	-	1.49 and 3.51	1.68 and 3.43	1.85 and 3.19	0.74
¹³C chemical shift/ppm	-	-	19.4 and 27.9	-1.05 and 20.6	8.5
Pauling electronegativity	F 4.0	Cl 3.0	Br 2.8	I 2.5	H 2.1

With the increase in electronegativity of the halogen in the molecule, the 1H chemical shift for these molecules steadily decreases, but it seems to be the opposite trend for the 13c chemical shift.

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The infrared spectrum of bromoethane

The mass spectrum of chloroethane

The H-1 NMR spectrum of bromoethane

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C-13 NMR spectroscopy index

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