Doc Brown's Chemistry The Irish Leaving Certificate Chemistry
Programme for the Irish Ordinary Level Chemistry and Higher Level Chemistry
Syllabuses
My unofficial support for the
CHEMISTRY of this syllabus - Each topic or unit is linked to potentially
useful sections on this site for the ordinary level chemistry course
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for the Junior Certificate
Programme for the Irish Ordinary/Higher Level Chemistry in the Science Syllabus
PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING VERY CAREFULLY
My notes were
primarily written for UK based GCSE/IGCSE/GCE courses but users from all over
the English speaking world regularly use the site, so I do my best to link up
with other 'international' pre-university courses. The Irish Leaving Certificate
Ordinary/Higher Level Chemistry Courses doesn't quite fit the UK GCSE/GCE
courses but there is sufficient overlap to provide series of 'on-site' links to
potentially helpful sections I have written so far. I do not have time to give
extended email responses and I do not deal in past papers and it is up to the
student to decide whether the material 'fits' and 'useful'. All students should have a
copy of the syllabus.
H indicates for Leaving Certificate Higher Level
Chemistry only
Page
for the Junior Certificate
Programme for the Irish Ordinary/Higher Level Chemistry in the Science Syllabus
Irish Leaving Certificate
Chemistry: Ordinary Level Core
1. Periodic Table and Atomic
Structure (Irish Leaving Cert.
Ordinary Level Chemistry)
-
Alphabetical Element
name list with symbol and atomic number (Z)
-
Summary of the Periodic Table
- Explanation and overview of Groups, Periods, Series etc. with links to
more detailed notes on the Group 1 Alkali Metals, Group 7 Halogens, Group 0
Noble Gases and Transition Metals
-
Section 3. Quizzes and
worksheets
based on the Periodic Table
-
Group 1 The Alkali Metals Notes -
Tabulated element data for lithium,
sodium and potassium etc., physical and chemical properties of the metals,
group trends, reactions with water, oxygen and chlorine, theory of group
reactivity trend, compound formulae, uses of metals and compounds
-
Section 4. Quizzes and worksheets
on the Alkali Metals
-
Atomic Structure Notes
- the structure of atoms, isotopes, nuclear structure notation,
electronic structure and the Periodic Table, mass spectrometer, alpha
particle scattering experiment
-
Section 17 Quizzes and worksheets
on Atomic Structure
-
Radioactivity and
Nuclear Power -
The structure of atoms
linked to the properties and uses of alpha, beta and gamma radiation,
radioisotope dating, half-life
but
calculations not needed H
needs nuclear equations for alpha and beta emission
-
Compiled tables of element data
- on Group 1 Alkali Metals, Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals, Groups 3 to 6,
Group 7 Halogens, Group 0 Noble Gases and Transition Metals
-
The Reactivity Series of Metals, Corrosion and Redox
Reaction Notes
- includes displacement reactions, and
an detailed introduction to
oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions.
-
The Mining of Minerals and the Extraction of Metals
- has section on
electrolytic purification of copper
-
Extra notes on
Electrochemistry - an introduction to electrolysis, theory, electrolysis cells,
industrial electrolysis process links summary, experimental methods for
electrolysis, electrode equations
-
Chemical
Identity Tests - Gives descriptions of lots of tests for gases and ions
- cations and anions etc. and use
the keyword alphabetical index near top of the page - includes flame tests
for metals.
-
H only
Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 1 "Historical
Introduction"
-
H only
Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part
2 "Electronic Structure and Ionisation Energies"
- Electron arrangements -
electron configurations and the Periodic Table - s, p, d and f blocks -
ionization energy patterns, section on hydrogen spectrum and emission
spectroscopy
-
H only
Group 7 The Halogens Notes
- data, physical properties and chemistry of elements chlorine, bromine,
iodine and their compounds, electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride/brine
and the uses of the products - chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide.
Alphabetical keyword-phrase list at top of page.
2. Chemical Bonding
(Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)
-
Group 0 Noble Gases Notes
- data, properties, electron structure and chemical inertness related to uses.
-
Introduction to Chemical Bonding
-
Revision notes on the basics of Ionic BONDING
-
Revision notes on the basics of
Covalent BONDING and small molecules and their properties
-
Chemical
Identity Tests
- Gives descriptions of lots of tests including anions (Use
the keyword alphabetical index near top of the page)
-
H only
Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part
10a "3d block Transition Metals Series Introduction and Elements Sc to
Mn on Period 4
- detailed revision notes
(Cr and Mn in particular)
-
H only
art 10b
3d-block Transition Metals Fe to Zn - detailed revision notes + brief notes
on other transition elements (Fe and Cu in particular)
-
H only
Revision notes on shapes
and bond angles of simple molecules (VSEPR), ions, transition metal complexes and a section on
shape and bond angles in
organic molecules
-
H only
Organic molecules - bond polarity, boiling point and intermolecular forces
-
H only
Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions
- Part 1 electronegativity, explaining oxidation and reduction reactions and oxidation
state/oxidation number changes
3. Stoichiometry, Formulas
and Equations (Irish Leaving Cert.
Ordinary Level Chemistry)
-
States of Matter
- particle theory
- gas, liquid & solid
- notes and diagrams on states, state changes, using the particle model
to explain their properties.
-
Section 16. Associated Quizzes and worksheets
on gases, liquids and solids.
-
Gases continued: Boyles Law, Charles
Law, PVT calculations, kinetic particle theory H only on this page: PV =
nRT equation of state calculations, non-ideal gas behaviour
-
Calculations section 2. Calculating Formula
Mass or Molecular Mass (Mr)
-
Calculations section 3. Law of
Conservation of Mass and simple reacting mass calculations
-
Calculations section 4. % composition by mass of a compound
-
Calculations section 5.
Empirical formula from reacting masses
-
Calculations section 6. Reacting masses
of reactants and products and actual % yield and
theoretical yield % yield H
only
-
Calculations section
7. introducing moles - the connection between moles, mass and formula mass H
only: The extended advanced QA7.1 using Avogadro constant
-
Calculations section 8.
Using
moles to deduce empirical/molecular formula of a compound/molecule starting with
reacting masses or % composition by mass
From reacting masses H only, from % composition for Ordinary and just forget
moles are used
-
Calculations section 9.
Moles and
molar gas volume and Avogadro's Law
-
H only
Calculations section 10.
Reacting gas volume
ratios
-
Calculations section 14. % actual and theoretical yield, volumetric apparatus & dilution
calculations H only and link
overlaps with 4. volumetric analysis
-
How to understand and write chemical equations' and
work out the formula of a compound from valency or charges on ions.
(keyword-phrases index at top of page)
-
H only
Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions
- Part 1 electronegativity, explaining oxidation and reduction reactions and oxidation
state/oxidation number changes
-
H only
Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions
- Part 2 analysing and constructing full
redox equations from half-cell reactions
4. Volumetric Analysis
(Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)
-
Calculations section 11. making up solutions,
concentration and molarity
-
Calculations section 12. acid-alkali titration calculations
- apparatus and analysis
-
Notes on Acids, Bases, Alkalis, pH,
Neutralisation and Salts - includes theory, lots of formulae and word and balanced symbol
equations, salt preparations and equations.
-
Section 12. Associated Quizzes and worksheets
on pH, Acids, Bases, Alkalis, Neutralisation, Salts.
-
Water and acid-base theory
-
H only
Equilibria Part 5 pH, weak-strong
acid-base theory and Ka,
kb and Kw
equilibrium calculations
-
some H only Structured Question worksheet
- includes Acid-Base titration Questions (answers)
-
H only
Structured
Question worksheet on Redox
Volumetric Titration Calculation Questions (answers and working)
-
H only
Experimental question style - redox titration
(ans) based on Q1 of above
5. Fuels and Heats of
Reaction (Irish Leaving Cert.
Ordinary Level Chemistry)
-
Oil and useful
products -
The hydrocarbons from oil and their uses
e.g. alkanes, alkenes, fuels, polymers/plastics, fossil fuels and
environmental problems etc.
-
Section 11.
Associated Quizzes and worksheets on Oil and its Useful Products.
-
Revision notes on the
molecular structure and naming of Alkanes including isomers (does
go beyond what is needed)
-
Multiple choice Quiz on the structure and naming of alkanes
(does go beyond what is needed, but many Q's ok)
-
Type
in name Quiz on the structure and naming of Alkanes
(does go beyond what is needed, but many Q's ok)
-
Notes on the Structure and Naming of Aromatic Compounds
(does go well beyond what is needed, but benzene, methylbenzene and
ethylbenzene are near top of this long page!)
-
Notes on Energy changes-transfers in
Chemical Reactions -
Exothermic and
endothermic energy changes, breaking/making bonds, simple calorimetry,
energy released by fuels and its measurement
and calculation.
-
Section 15
Associated Quizzes and worksheets on Energy Changes.
-
Extra notes on
Electrochemistry - an introduction to electrolysis, theory, electrolysis cells
and includes electrolysis of water.
-
H only
Enthalpy and Bond Energy Calculation
Questions (answers)
The bond energy calculations here are not needed
6. Rates of Reaction
(Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)
-
Factors affecting the rates-speeds of
chemical reactions -
the factors affecting reaction rates - temperature, concentration, particle
size etc., experimental methods for obtaining
data, graphs, energy change-reaction profiles and activation energies.
-
Section 2.
Associated Quizzes and worksheets on Rates of Reactions
-
See also
Industrial Chemistry: Section on Enzymes
-
H only
KINETICS - advanced rates of reactions
revision notes: temperature effect and activation energy, homogeneous catalysts & heterogeneous
catalysts, obtaining data. Rate expression not needed
7. Organic Chemistry
(Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)
-
Short introductory Organic Chemistry Notes - Alkane & alkene homologous
series 'families', alcohols like ethanol, other organic molecule families
e.g. carboxylic acids, esters, polymers, natural molecules - carbohydrates,
sugars, amino acids, proteins and cooking, natural fats & oils,
hydrogenation of fats, soaps, Vitamin C,
Drugs-analgesics, Food Additives and CFC's, Ozone layer and free radicals.
Odd bits needed and soap structure H only
-
Further Organic Chemistry Notes - Alkane & alkene homologous
series 'families', alcohols like ethanol, other organic molecule families
e.g. carboxylic acids, esters, polymers
Use sub-index and keyword list at top of page.
A bit on soaps H only
-
Revision notes on the structure & naming of Alkenes
(goes beyond what is needed, but all the simpler examples are included)
-
Multiple choice Quiz on the Structure and naming
(nomenclature) of ALKENES
(Goes beyond needs)
-
Revision notes on the
structure & naming (nomenclature) of ALKANES
(Goes beyond needs)
-
Multiple
choice
Quiz on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of alkanes
(Goes beyond needs)
-
Revision notes on the structure and naming of Alcohols
(goes beyond what is needed, but all the simpler examples are included)
-
Multiple choice Quiz on
the structure and naming (nomenclature) of alcohols
(Goes beyond needs)
-
Revision notes on the
Structure and Naming of Carbonyl Compounds - Aldehydes
(goes beyond what is needed, but all the simpler examples are included)
-
Revision notes on the
structure and naming of Carboxylic acids
(goes beyond what is needed, but all the simpler examples are included)
-
Multiple choice Quiz
on the Structure and naming of CARBOXYLIC ACIDS & DERIVATIVES
(goes beyond what is needed, but all the simpler examples are included)
-
Introduction
and terms used in organic chemistry on the mechanism pages the
type of reaction, basic reaction equations and conditions are quoted which may act as a
suitable reference (there is a reaction index on each page, but the
mechanisms are not needed).
-
Organic synthesis
redox reactions - including oxidation of alcohols (use top summary table index)
-
Methods of separating mixtures -
including chromatography (keyword-phrases index at top of page)
-
Instrumental analysis including glc gas-liquid chromatography
-
H only
Revision notes on the structure and naming of HALOGENOALKANES
Goes beyond what is needed but does include the small molecules up to C4
-
H only
Multiple choice Quiz on the structure and naming
(nomenclature) of
HALOGENOALKANES (haloalkanes) (Goes beyond needs)
-
H only
Revision notes on the
Structure and Naming of Carbonyl Compounds - Ketones
(goes beyond what is needed, but all the simpler examples are included)
-
H only
Multiple choice on the structure and naming
(nomenclature) of Aldehydes and Ketones
Goes beyond needs.
-
H only
Mechanism
of electrophilic addition of
hydrogen bromide to alkenes
to make bromoalkanes (introduction and example of
electrophilic addition to alkenes)
-
H only
Mechanism
of electrophilic addition of bromine
to alkenes
with pure
bromine to make dibromoalkanes
-
H only
Mechanism
of electrophilic addition of bromine
to alkenes using bromine
water to make bromo-alcohols
-
H only
Mechanism
of electrophilic
addition of water to alkenes
to make alcohols [acid catalyst]
-
H only
Mechanism
of the free radical
chlorination/bromination of alkanes to make halogenoalkanes
-
H only
Organic synthesis
redox reactions - including reduction of aldehydes and
ketones (use top summary table index)
8. Chemical Equilibrium
(Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)
-
Starter GCSE
Notes on reversible reactions, equilibrium, ammonia synthesis
-
Advanced
Chemistry Equilibria Part 1. Dynamic molecular equilibrium and Le Chatelier's principle
-
Equilibria
Part 2 Kc equilibrium expressions and
calculations (Kc calculations H only, Kp not needed)
-
Equilibria Part 3
equilibrium and industrial processes
-
Equilibria Part 5 pH, weak-strong
acid-base theory and Ka,
kb and Kw
equilibrium calculations
Weak acid/base calculations H only
-
H only
Equilibria Part 6 Salt hydrolysis,
Acid-base titrations-indicators, pH curves and buffers
9. Environmental Chemistry:
Water (Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary
Level Chemistry)
-
Notes on Acids, Bases, Alkalis, pH,
Neutralisation and Salts - includes theory, lots of formulae and word and balanced symbol
equations, salt preparations and equations.
-
Equilibria Part 5 includes pH calculations of strong acids and bases
-
Water and Extra Aqueous Chemistry
Notes
- sections on water treatment, hard and soft water. Use sub-index at top of page.
-
Chemical
Identity Tests - Gives descriptions of lots of tests for gases and ions
(cations and anions) etc. and use
the keyword alphabetical index near top of the page.
Irish Leaving Certificate
Chemistry: Ordinary Level Option 1
Ordinary Option 1A
Additional Industrial Chemistry
(Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)
-
Ammonia synthesis, nitric
acid manufacture, reversible reactions
and chemical equilibrium notes -
including reversible reactions, equilibrium theory, nitric acid
manufacture, fertiliser ammonium salt preparation, problems with over-use or
fertilisers. Got nitric acid
equations for H level e.g. oxidation of ammonia, nitrate salt fertiliser
production.
-
Extra Industrial Chemistry Notes -
section on limestone
Equations for H level
Ordinary Option 1B
Atmospheric Chemistry (Irish Leaving
Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)
-
Mention of
production of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
-
Further Organic Chemistry Notes -
Fuels, alcohols like ethanol and its manufacture, ozone and haloalkanes.
Use sub-index and keyword list at top of page.
-
Alternative and Fossil Fuel
Survey
and Global
warming discussion
page.
-
Earth Science Notes
- 1st section is on the atmosphere and carbon cycle
-
Oil and useful
products -
The hydrocarbons from oil and their uses
e.g. alkanes, alkenes, fuels, fossil fuels and environmental problems etc.
Irish Leaving Certificate
Chemistry: Ordinary Level Option 2
(Irish Ordinary Level Chemistry)
Ordinary Option 2A Materials
(Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)
-
Revision notes on the basics of Ionic BONDING
-
Revision notes on the basics of
Covalent BONDING and small molecules and their properties
-
Revision notes on the basics of Covalent BONDING and giant structures and
their properties and uses
-
Revision notes on the basics of
Metallic BONDING, properties and uses of metals
-
Oil and useful
products -
Section on polymers.
-
Further Organic Chemistry Notes -
section on polymers. Use sub-index and keyword list at top of page.
Ordinary Option 2B
Additional Electrochemistry and the Extraction of Metals
-
Extra notes on
Electrochemistry - an introduction to electrolysis, theory, electrolysis cells,
industrial electrolysis process links summary, experimental methods for
electrolysis, electrode equations, simple cells/batteries, includes
half-cell equations for H level.
-
The Mining of Minerals and the Extraction of Metals
- the extraction of iron, aluminium and sodium (Use keyword-metal top index - covers H
requirements)
-
The Transition Metals, their Properties and Uses and mention of other metals - chemical and physical properties of them, uses of iron, copper,
chromium etc., and a section on the uses and applications of other
non-transition metals like aluminium.
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