Doc Brown's Chemistry  The Irish Leaving Certificate Chemistry Programme for the Irish Ordinary Level Chemistry and Higher Level Chemistry Syllabuses

My unofficial support for the CHEMISTRY of this syllabus - Each topic or unit is linked to potentially useful sections on this site for the ordinary level chemistry course

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Page for the Junior Certificate Programme for the Irish Ordinary/Higher Level Chemistry in the Science Syllabus

 PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING VERY CAREFULLY

 My notes were primarily written for UK based GCSE/IGCSE/GCE courses but users from all over the English speaking world regularly use the site, so I do my best to link up with other 'international' pre-university courses. The Irish Leaving Certificate Ordinary/Higher Level Chemistry Courses doesn't quite fit the UK GCSE/GCE courses but there is sufficient overlap to provide series of 'on-site' links to potentially helpful sections I have written so far. I do not have time to give extended email responses and I do not deal in past papers and it is up to the student to decide whether the material 'fits' and 'useful'. All students should have a copy of the syllabus.

H indicates for Leaving Certificate Higher Level Chemistry only

Page for the Junior Certificate Programme for the Irish Ordinary/Higher Level Chemistry in the Science Syllabus

Irish Leaving Certificate Chemistry: Ordinary Level Core

1. Periodic Table and Atomic Structure (Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)

1. Alphabetical Element name list with symbol and atomic number (Z)

2. Summary of the Periodic Table - Explanation and overview of Groups, Periods, Series etc. with links to more detailed notes on the Group 1 Alkali Metals, Group 7 Halogens, Group 0 Noble Gases and Transition Metals

3. Section 3. Quizzes and worksheets based on the Periodic Table

4. Group 1 The Alkali Metals Notes - Tabulated element data for lithium, sodium and potassium etc., physical and chemical properties of the metals, group trends, reactions with water, oxygen and chlorine, theory of group reactivity trend, compound formulae, uses of metals and compounds

5. Section 4. Quizzes and worksheets on the Alkali Metals

6. Atomic Structure Notes - the structure of atoms, isotopes, nuclear structure notation, electronic structure and the Periodic Table, mass spectrometer, alpha particle scattering experiment

7. Section 17 Quizzes and worksheets on Atomic Structure

8. Radioactivity and Nuclear Power - The structure of atoms linked to the properties and uses of alpha, beta and gamma radiation, radioisotope dating, half-life but calculations not needed H needs nuclear equations for alpha and beta emission

9. Compiled tables of element data - on Group 1 Alkali Metals, Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals, Groups 3 to 6, Group 7 Halogens, Group 0 Noble Gases and Transition Metals

10. The Reactivity Series of Metals, Corrosion and  Redox Reaction Notes - includes displacement reactions, and an detailed introduction to oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions.

11. The Mining of Minerals and the Extraction of Metals - has section on electrolytic purification of copper

12. Extra notes on Electrochemistry - an introduction to electrolysis, theory, electrolysis cells, industrial electrolysis process links summary, experimental methods for electrolysis, electrode equations

13. Chemical Identity Tests - Gives descriptions of lots of tests for gases and ions - cations and anions etc. and use the keyword alphabetical index near top of the page - includes flame tests for metals.

14. H only Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 1 "Historical Introduction"

15. H only Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 2 "Electronic Structure and Ionisation Energies" - Electron arrangements - electron configurations and the Periodic Table - s, p, d and f blocks - ionization energy patterns, section on hydrogen spectrum and emission spectroscopy

16. H only Group 7 The Halogens Notes - data, physical properties and chemistry of elements chlorine, bromine, iodine and their compounds, electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride/brine and the uses of the products - chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide. Alphabetical keyword-phrase list at top of page.

2. Chemical Bonding (Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)

1. Group 0 Noble Gases Notes - data, properties, electron structure and chemical inertness related to uses.

2. Introduction to Chemical Bonding

3. Revision notes on the basics of Ionic BONDING

4. Revision notes on the basics of Covalent BONDING and small molecules and their properties

5. Chemical Identity Tests - Gives descriptions of lots of tests including anions (Use the keyword alphabetical index near top of the page)

6. H only Periodic Table Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Notes Part 10a "3d block Transition Metals Series Introduction and Elements Sc to Mn on Period 4 - detailed revision notes (Cr and Mn in particular)

7. H only art 10b 3d-block Transition Metals Fe to Zn - detailed revision notes + brief notes on other transition elements (Fe and Cu in particular)

8. H only Revision notes on shapes and bond angles of simple molecules (VSEPR), ions, transition metal complexes and a section on shape and bond angles in organic molecules

9. H only Organic molecules - bond polarity, boiling point and intermolecular forces

10. H only Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions - Part 1 electronegativity, explaining oxidation and reduction reactions and oxidation state/oxidation number changes

3. Stoichiometry, Formulas and Equations (Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)

1. States of Matter - particle theory - gas, liquid & solid - notes and diagrams on states, state changes, using the particle model to explain their properties.

2. Section 16. Associated Quizzes and worksheets on gases, liquids and solids.

3. Gases continued: Boyles Law, Charles Law, PVT calculations, kinetic particle theory H only on this page: PV = nRT equation of state calculations, non-ideal gas behaviour

4. Calculations section 2. Calculating Formula Mass or Molecular Mass (M_r)

5. Calculations section 3. Law of Conservation of Mass and simple reacting mass calculations

6. Calculations section 4. % composition by mass of a compound

7. Calculations section 5. Empirical formula from reacting masses

8. Calculations section 6. Reacting masses of reactants and products and actual % yield and theoretical yield % yield H only

9. Calculations section 7. introducing moles - the connection between moles, mass and formula mass H only: The extended advanced QA7.1 using Avogadro constant

10. Calculations section 8. Using moles to deduce empirical/molecular formula of a compound/molecule starting with reacting masses or % composition by mass From reacting masses H only, from % composition for Ordinary and just forget moles are used

11. Calculations section 9. Moles and molar gas volume and Avogadro's Law

12. H only Calculations section 10. Reacting gas volume ratios

13. Calculations section 14. % actual and theoretical yield, volumetric apparatus & dilution calculations H only and link overlaps with 4. volumetric analysis

14. How to understand and write chemical equations' and work out the formula of a compound from valency or charges on ions. (keyword-phrases index at top of page)

15. H only Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions - Part 1 electronegativity, explaining oxidation and reduction reactions and oxidation state/oxidation number changes

16. H only Revision notes on Inorganic redox reactions - Part 2 analysing and constructing full redox equations from half-cell reactions

4. Volumetric Analysis (Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)

1. Calculations section 11. making up solutions, concentration and molarity

2. Calculations section 12. acid-alkali titration calculations - apparatus and analysis

3. Notes on Acids, Bases, Alkalis, pH, Neutralisation and Salts - includes theory, lots of formulae and word and balanced symbol equations, salt preparations and equations.

4. Section 12. Associated Quizzes and worksheets on pH, Acids, Bases, Alkalis, Neutralisation, Salts.

5. Water and acid-base theory

6. H only Equilibria Part 5 pH, weak-strong acid-base theory and K_a, k_b and K_w equilibrium calculations

7. some H only Structured Question worksheet - includes Acid-Base titration Questions (answers)

8. H only Structured Question worksheet on Redox Volumetric Titration Calculation Questions (answers and working)

9. H only Experimental question style - redox titration (ans) based on Q1 of above

5. Fuels and Heats of Reaction (Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)

1. Oil and useful products - The hydrocarbons from oil and their uses e.g. alkanes, alkenes, fuels, polymers/plastics, fossil fuels and environmental problems etc.

2. Section 11. Associated Quizzes and worksheets on Oil and its Useful Products.

3. Revision notes on the molecular structure and naming of Alkanes including isomers (does go beyond what is needed)

4. Multiple choice Quiz on the structure and naming of alkanes (does go beyond what is needed, but many Q's ok)

5. Type in name Quiz on the structure and naming of Alkanes (does go beyond what is needed, but many Q's ok)

6. Notes on the Structure and Naming of Aromatic Compounds (does go well beyond what is needed, but benzene, methylbenzene and ethylbenzene are near top of this long page!)

7. Notes on Energy changes-transfers in Chemical Reactions - Exothermic and endothermic energy changes, breaking/making bonds, simple calorimetry, energy released by fuels and its measurement and calculation.

8. Section 15 Associated Quizzes and worksheets on Energy Changes.

9. Extra notes on Electrochemistry - an introduction to electrolysis, theory, electrolysis cells and includes electrolysis of water.

10. H only Enthalpy and Bond Energy Calculation Questions  (answers) The bond energy calculations here are not needed

6. Rates of Reaction (Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)

1. Factors affecting the rates-speeds of chemical reactions - the factors affecting reaction rates - temperature, concentration, particle size etc., experimental methods for obtaining data, graphs, energy change-reaction profiles and activation energies.

2. Section 2. Associated Quizzes and worksheets on Rates of Reactions

3. See also Industrial Chemistry: Section on Enzymes

4. H only KINETICS - advanced rates of reactions revision notes: temperature effect and activation energy, homogeneous catalysts & heterogeneous catalysts, obtaining data. Rate expression not needed

7. Organic Chemistry (Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)

1. Short introductory Organic Chemistry Notes - Alkane & alkene homologous series 'families', alcohols like ethanol, other organic molecule families e.g. carboxylic acids, esters, polymers, natural molecules - carbohydrates, sugars, amino acids, proteins and cooking, natural fats & oils, hydrogenation of fats, soaps, Vitamin C, Drugs-analgesics, Food Additives and CFC's, Ozone layer and free radicals. Odd bits needed and soap structure H only

2. Further Organic Chemistry Notes - Alkane & alkene homologous series 'families', alcohols like ethanol, other organic molecule families e.g. carboxylic acids, esters, polymers  Use sub-index and keyword list at top of page. A bit on soaps H only

3. Revision notes on the structure & naming of Alkenes (goes beyond what is needed, but all the simpler examples are included)

4. Multiple choice Quiz on the Structure and naming (nomenclature) of ALKENES (Goes beyond needs)

5. Revision notes on the structure & naming (nomenclature) of ALKANES (Goes beyond needs)

6. Multiple choice Quiz on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of alkanes (Goes beyond needs)

7. Revision notes on the structure and naming of Alcohols (goes beyond what is needed, but all the simpler examples are included)

8. Multiple choice Quiz on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of alcohols (Goes beyond needs)

9. Revision notes on the Structure and Naming of Carbonyl Compounds - Aldehydes (goes beyond what is needed, but all the simpler examples are included)

10. Revision notes on the structure and naming of Carboxylic acids (goes beyond what is needed, but all the simpler examples are included)

11. Multiple choice Quiz on the Structure and naming of CARBOXYLIC ACIDS & DERIVATIVES (goes beyond what is needed, but all the simpler examples are included)

12. Introduction and terms used in organic chemistry on the mechanism pages the type of reaction, basic reaction equations and conditions are quoted which may act as a suitable reference (there is a reaction index on each page, but the mechanisms are not needed).

13. Organic synthesis redox reactions - including oxidation of alcohols (use top summary table index)

14. Methods of separating mixtures - including chromatography (keyword-phrases index at top of page)

15. Instrumental analysis including glc gas-liquid chromatography

16. H only Revision notes on the structure and naming of HALOGENOALKANES Goes beyond what is needed but does include the small molecules up to C₄

17. H only Multiple choice Quiz on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of HALOGENOALKANES (haloalkanes) (Goes beyond needs)

18. H only Revision notes on the Structure and Naming of Carbonyl Compounds - Ketones (goes beyond what is needed, but all the simpler examples are included)

19. H only Multiple choice on the structure and naming (nomenclature) of Aldehydes and Ketones Goes beyond needs.

20. H only Mechanism of electrophilic addition of hydrogen bromide to alkenes to make bromoalkanes (introduction and example of electrophilic addition to alkenes)

21. H only Mechanism of electrophilic addition of bromine to alkenes with pure bromine to make dibromoalkanes

22. H only Mechanism of electrophilic addition of bromine to alkenes using bromine water to make bromo-alcohols

23. H only Mechanism of electrophilic addition of water to alkenes to make alcohols [acid catalyst]

24. H only Mechanism of the free radical chlorination/bromination of alkanes to make halogenoalkanes

25. H only Organic synthesis redox reactions - including reduction of aldehydes and ketones (use top summary table index)

8. Chemical Equilibrium (Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)

1. Starter GCSE Notes on reversible reactions, equilibrium, ammonia synthesis

2. Advanced Chemistry Equilibria Part 1. Dynamic molecular equilibrium and Le Chatelier's principle

3. Equilibria Part 2 K_c equilibrium expressions and calculations (K_c calculations H only, K_p not needed)

4. Equilibria Part 3 equilibrium and industrial processes

5. Equilibria Part 5 pH, weak-strong acid-base theory and K_a, k_b and K_w equilibrium calculations Weak acid/base calculations H only

6. H only Equilibria Part 6 Salt hydrolysis, Acid-base titrations-indicators, pH curves and buffers

9. Environmental Chemistry: Water (Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)

1. Notes on Acids, Bases, Alkalis, pH, Neutralisation and Salts - includes theory, lots of formulae and word and balanced symbol equations, salt preparations and equations.

2. Equilibria Part 5 includes pH calculations of strong acids and bases

3. Water and Extra Aqueous Chemistry Notes - sections on water treatment, hard and soft water. Use sub-index at top of page.

4. Chemical Identity Tests - Gives descriptions of lots of tests for gases and ions (cations and anions) etc. and use the keyword alphabetical index near top of the page.

Irish Leaving Certificate Chemistry: Ordinary Level Option 1

Ordinary Option 1A Additional Industrial Chemistry (Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)

1. Ammonia synthesis, nitric acid manufacture, reversible reactions and chemical equilibrium notes - including reversible reactions, equilibrium theory, nitric acid manufacture, fertiliser ammonium salt preparation, problems with over-use or fertilisers. Got nitric acid equations for H level e.g. oxidation of ammonia, nitrate salt fertiliser production.

2. Extra Industrial Chemistry Notes - section on limestone Equations for H level

Ordinary Option 1B Atmospheric Chemistry (Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)

1. Mention of production of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

2. Further Organic Chemistry Notes - Fuels, alcohols like ethanol and its manufacture, ozone and haloalkanes.  Use sub-index and keyword list at top of page.

3. Alternative and Fossil Fuel Survey and Global warming discussion page.

4. Earth Science Notes - 1st section is on the atmosphere and carbon cycle

5. Oil and useful products - The hydrocarbons from oil and their uses e.g. alkanes, alkenes, fuels, fossil fuels and environmental problems etc.

Irish Leaving Certificate Chemistry: Ordinary Level Option 2 (Irish Ordinary Level Chemistry)

Ordinary Option 2A Materials (Irish Leaving Cert. Ordinary Level Chemistry)

1. Revision notes on the basics of Ionic BONDING

2. Revision notes on the basics of Covalent BONDING and small molecules and their properties

3. Revision notes on the basics of Covalent BONDING and giant structures and their properties and uses

4. Revision notes on the basics of Metallic BONDING, properties and uses of metals

5. Oil and useful products - Section on polymers.

6. Further Organic Chemistry Notes - section on polymers. Use sub-index and keyword list at top of page.

Ordinary Option 2B Additional Electrochemistry and the Extraction of Metals

1. Extra notes on Electrochemistry - an introduction to electrolysis, theory, electrolysis cells, industrial electrolysis process links summary, experimental methods for electrolysis, electrode equations, simple cells/batteries, includes half-cell equations for H level.

2. The Mining of Minerals and the Extraction of Metals - the extraction of iron, aluminium and sodium (Use keyword-metal top index - covers H requirements)

3. The Transition Metals, their Properties and Uses and mention of other metals - chemical and physical properties of them, uses of iron, copper, chromium etc., and a section on the uses and applications of other non-transition metals like aluminium.

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