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20. Later developments in the earth's atmosphere
22. Plate tectonics and the rock cycle
QUIZ 21a. Types of Rock and the Rock Cycle
Select answers and click CHECK. © Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic
core crust density deposited different erosion faulted forces fossils high igneous iron layered liquid magma mantle metamorphic more nickel older pressure ripple sedimentary solid tectonic temperatures unstable upside younger
(a) The Earth is nearly spherical and has a
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
structure consisting of three layers:
(i) a thin
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
; which is the least dense layer.
(ii) a liquid
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
extending almost halfway to the Earth's centre which has all the properties of a solid except that it can flow very slowly like a 'plastic liquid'.
The third layer (iii), is the
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
, which is about half of the Earth's radius, made of weakly magnetic
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
and mainly strongly magnetic
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
. It outer part is
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
and the inner part is
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
.
(b) The overall
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
of the Earth is much greater than the mean densities of the rocks which form the crust. This indicates that the inner layers of the Earth are made of
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
and
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
dense material than that of the crust.
(c) At the surface of the Earth
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
rocks usually lie on top of older rocks. Sediments contain evidence for how they were
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
(e.g. layers formed by discontinuous deposition,
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
marks formed by currents or waves) and
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
tell us what plants and animals were alive at the time.
(d) Sedimentary rock layers are often found tilted, folded,
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
(fractured) and sometimes even turned
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
down. This shows that the Earth's crust is
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
and has been subjected to very large
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
. Large scale movements of the Earth's crust can cause mountain ranges to form very slowly over millions of years. These replace
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
mountain ranges worn down by weathering and
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
.
(e) Most
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
rocks are associated with the Earth movements (
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
activity) which created present-day and ancient mountain belts. They are evidence of them being heated to
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
and squeezed at high
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
when created in these mountain-building processes.
(f) Rocks formed from cooled solidifying
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
from the very hot mantle are called
core
crust
density
deposited
different
erosion
faulted
forces
fossils
high
igneous
iron
layered
liquid
magma
mantle
metamorphic
more
nickel
older
pressure
ripple
sedimentary
solid
tectonic
temperatures
unstable
upside
younger
rocks.
CHECK
<= back =
20. Later developments in the earth's atmosphere
22. Plate tectonics and the rock cycle