Q1
(a) The chemical elements in the Periodic Table were originally arranged in order of the atomic
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive .
(b) This list can then be arranged in rows so that elements with
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive properties are in the same columns, known as
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive .
(c) The complete horizontal rows of disimilar elements are called
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive .
(d) In the modern periodic table elements are arranged in order of their
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive number or proton number.
Q2
(a) The elements in Group 1 of the periodic table are known as
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive because they form hydroxides which dissolve in water to give alkaline solutions.
(b) They react with
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive to form ionic compounds in which the metal ion carries a positive charge.
(c) In Group 1, the further down the group an element is - the
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive reactive the element; the
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive its melting point and boiling point.
(d) When a piece of lithium, sodium or potassium is placed in cold water the metal
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive , and may melt and move around the surface of the water with fast fizzing!
(e) The metal reacts with the water to form a metal
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive solution and
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive gas.
Q3
(a) Fewer than one quarter of the elements are
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive and can be gases, liquids or solids.
(b) Non-metal elements are found in the Groups at the
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive hand side of the periodic table.
(c) The elements in Group 7 and Group 0 have the typical properties of non-metals - they have
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive melting points and boiling points (at room temperature all the Group 0 elements are
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive ).
(b) The solids tend to be dull in appearance and are
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive conductors of heat and electricity.
(c) In contrast the boiling points, melting points and densities of metals tend to be relatively
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive .
Q4
(a) The Group 7 elements are called the
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive The first two are
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive and the third, bromine, is a
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive ).
(b) Iodine is
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive and crumbly when solid and is a poor conductors of
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive and electricity.
(c) These elements have
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive vapours and consist of diatomic molecules which are made up of two atoms.
(d) They form
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive salts with metals in which the chloride, bromide or iodine ion (
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive ions).
(e) They form
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive molecular compounds with other non-metallic elements.
(f) In Group 7, the further down the group the element is - the
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive reactive the element; the
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive its melting point and boiling point.
(g) A
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive reactive halogen can displace a
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salt.
Q5
(a) The elements in Group 0 are called the
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive .
(b) They are all chemically very
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive gases and exist as
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive atoms rather than as
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive gas molecules like other gaseous elements such as oxygen or
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive .
(c) They are used as
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive gases in filament lamps and in electrical discharge tubes.
(d) The first element in the Group, helium, is much
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive dense than air and is used in balloons.
Q6
(a) More than three-quarters of the elements of the periodic table are
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive .
(b) They are mainly found in the
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive hand columns (Group 1 and Group 2) and in the central blocks.
(c) In the middle of the Periodic Table are horizontal blocks called the
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive which are typically strong,
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive , and have
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive melting and
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive points and
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive .
(d) The metals or their compounds can act as
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive and many of their compounds are highly
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive .
(e) All are solid at room temperature and pressure except
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive which is a
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive .
(f) Metals are good conductors of
alkali atomic boiling brittle catalysts coloured covalent densities diatomic floats gases groups halide halogens heat high higher hydrogen hydroxide inert ionic left less liquid low lower mass mercury metals more nitrogen noble non-metals periods poor right shiny similar single transition unreactive and electricity.
GCSE Science-CHEMISTRY worksheet on THE BASICS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE