The nucleus of an atom consists of? [rad-1]- protons and neutrons
- neutrons and electrons
- protons and electrons
- protons only
The penetration and absorption properties of different types of radiation are described below. Which of them describes the behaviour of alpha radiation? [rad-4]- stopped by 0.1mm of paper
- passes through 0.1mm of paper, but stopped by 4cm of steel
- passes through paper or 4cm of steel, but stopped by 100 cm of lead
- passes through paper, 4cm of steel or 100cm of lead
- The penetration and absorption properties of different types of radiation are described below. Which of them describes the behaviour of beta radiation? [rad-5]
- stopped by 0.1mm of paper
- passes through 0.1mm of paper, but stopped by 4cm of steel
- passes through paper or 4cm of steel, but stopped by 100 cm of lead
- passes through paper, 4cm of steel or 100cm of lead
- The penetration and absorption properties of different types of radiation are described below. Which of them describes the behaviour of gamma radiation? [rad-6]
- stopped by 0.1mm of paper
- passes through 0.1mm of paper, but stopped by 4cm of steel
- passes through paper or 4cm of steel, but stopped by 100 cm of lead
- passes through paper, 4cm of steel or 100cm of lead
The diagram below shows possible radiations from a radioactive source and various barriers which might absorb them. Which of them corresponds to alpha particle radiation? [rad-16]- radiation Q
- radiation W
- radiation Y
- radiation Z
- The diagram below shows possible radiations from a radioactive source and various barriers which might absorb them. Which of them corresponds to beta particle radiation? [rad-17]
- radiation Q
- radiation W
- radiation Y
- radiation Z
- The diagram below shows possible radiations from a radioactive source and various barriers which might absorb them. Which of them corresponds to gamma radiation? [rad-18]
- radiation Q
- radiation W
- radiation Y
- radiation Z
- The radioactivity in counts per minute of an isotope was measured over a period of 15 hours. The results are shown in the table below. What is the half-life of the radioisotope? [rad-23]
time in hours 3 6 9 12 15 counts per minute 1200 600 300 150 75 - 1 hour
- 2 hours
- 3 hours
- 5 hours
Gamma radiation can be used to detect cracks in aircraft parts. The radiation can pass through the parts and can be detected because it? [rad-24]- darkens a photographic plate
- makes a bulb flicker
- makes the cracks glow round the edges in the dark
- makes a shadow on white paper
- Which of the following statements correctly describes a beta particle? [rad-30]
1. consists of an electron : 2. has a negative electric charge : 3. stopped by 5 cm of aluminium sheeting- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
- Which of the following statements correctly describes gamma radiation? [rad-31]
1. consists of an electron : 2. has no electric charge : 3. stopped by 5 mm of aluminium sheeting- 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
- Which of the following statements correctly describes alpha particle radiation? [rad-32]
1. consists of two protons and 2 neutrons : 2. has no electric charge : 3. stopped by 5 mm of aluminium sheeting- 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
- One type of ionising radiation is an alpha particle. Which of the following correctly describes an alpha particle? [rad-33]
1. cannot pass through a sheet of paper : 2. consists of a helium nucleus : 3. has a positive charge- 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
- The emissions from four different radioactive sources where tested to see which materials would absorb and stop the radiation. The amount of radiation passing through was measured with a Geiger Counter in counts/second (c/s). From the data, which source gives out mainly ALPHA radiation? [rad-35]
Radioactive Material NO ABSORBER THICK CARD 5 mm ALUMINIUM 2 cm LEAD Source Q 25 c/s 25 c/s 24 c/s 6 c/s Source W 27 c/s 1 c/s 0 c/s 0 c/s Source Y 26 c/s 12 c/s 1 c/s 0 c/s Source Z 22 c/s 21 c/s 3 c/s 0 c/s - Source Q
- Source W
- Source Y
- Source Z
- The emissions from four radioactive sources where tested to see which materials would absorb and stop the radiation. The amount of radiation passing through was measured with a Geiger Counter in counts/second (c/s). From the data for each source, which gives out mainly BETA radiation? [rad-36]
Radioactive Material NO ABSORBER THICK CARD 5 mm ALUMINIUM 2 cm LEAD Source Q 25 c/s 25 c/s 24 c/s 6 c/s Source W 27 c/s 1 c/s 0 c/s 0 c/s Source Y 26 c/s 12 c/s 1 c/s 0 c/s Source Z 22 c/s 21 c/s 3 c/s 0 c/s - Source Q
- Source W
- Source Y
- Source Z
- The emissions from four radioactive sources where tested to see which materials would absorb and stop the radiation. The amount of radiation passing through was measured with a Geiger Counter in counts/second (c/s). From the data for each source, which gives out mainly GAMMA radiation? [rad-37]
Radioactive Material NO ABSORBER THICK CARD 5 mm ALUMINIUM 2 cm LEAD Source Q 25 c/s 25 c/s 24 c/s 6 c/s Source W 27 c/s 1 c/s 0 c/s 0 c/s Source Y 26 c/s 12 c/s 1 c/s 0 c/s Source Z 22 c/s 21 c/s 3 c/s 0 c/s - Source Q
- Source W
- Source Y
- Source Z
- The emissions from 4 radioactive sources where tested to see which materials would absorb and stop the radiation. The amount of radiation passing through was measured with a Geiger Counter in counts/second (c/s). From the data for each source, which gives out mainly ALPHA and BETA radiation? [rad-38]
Radioactive Material NO ABSORBER THICK CARD 5 mm ALUMINIUM 2 cm LEAD Source Q 25 c/s 25 c/s 24 c/s 6 c/s Source W 27 c/s 1 c/s 0 c/s 0 c/s Source Y 26 c/s 12 c/s 1 c/s 0 c/s Source Z 22 c/s 21 c/s 3 c/s 0 c/s - Source Q
- Source W
- Source Y
- Source Z
- The emissions from 4 radioactive sources where tested to see which materials would absorb and stop the radiation. The amount of radiation passing through was measured with a Geiger Counter in counts/second (c/s). From the data, which source gives out mainly ALPHA and GAMMA radiation? [rad-39]
Radioactive Material NO ABSORBER THICK CARD 5 mm ALUMINIUM 2 cm LEAD Source Q 23 c/s 9 c/s 8 c/s 1 c/s Source W 27 c/s 1 c/s 0 c/s 0 c/s Source Y 26 c/s 12 c/s 1 c/s 0 c/s Source Z 22 c/s 21 c/s 3 c/s 0 c/s - Source Q
- Source W
- Source Y
- Source Z
- The emissions from 4 radioactive sources where tested to see which materials would absorb and stop the radiation. The amount of radiation passing through was measured with a Geiger Counter in counts/second (c/s). From the data, which source gives out mainly BETA and GAMMA radiation? [rad-40]
Radioactive Material NO ABSORBER THICK CARD 5 mm ALUMINIUM 2 cm LEAD Source Q 25 c/s 25 c/s 24 c/s 6 c/s Source W 27 c/s 1 c/s 0 c/s 0 c/s Source Y 26 c/s 12 c/s 1 c/s 0 c/s Source Z 24 c/s 23 c/s 10 c/s 0 c/s - Source Q
- Source W
- Source Y
- Source Z
- Which of the following radiations is given out by radioactive substances? [rad-41]
- alpha
- infrared
- microwave
- ultraviolet
- Which of the following radiations is given out by radioactive substances? [rad-42]
- beta
- infrared
- radiowave
- ultraviolet
- Which of the following radiations is given out by radioactive substances? [rad-43]
- gamma
- infrared
- radiowave
- ultraviolet
- Which of the following radiations is measured with a Geiger counter? [rad-44]
- alpha
- microwave
- radiowave
- ultraviolet
- Which of the following radiations is measured with a Geiger counter? [rad-45]
- beta
- infrared
- microwave
- ultraviolet
- Which of the following radiations is measured with a Geiger counter? [rad-46]
- gamma
- visible light
- radiowave
- ultraviolet
- Atomic radiation can be used to treat cancer. Cancer can be treated in hospitals with gamma radiation because gamma radiation? [47]
- darkens photographic plates
- destroys growing cells
- is easily detected
- occurs naturally
- Cobalt-60 is a radioactive source for gamma radiation. The rate of its radioactive decay? [48]
- decreases when the source gets cooler
- increases when the source gets hotter
- is unaffected when the source gets hotter
- stops when the source gets very cool
- A radioactive technique can be used to check an aluminium casting for cracks. Alpha particles would be unsuitable because they? [49]
- are insufficiently penetrating
- do not ionise air
- have too short a half-life
- are highly penetrating and dangerous to handle
- Gamma radiation is used to treat cancer in hospitals. The radiographer performing the treatment is best protected behind a shield of? [50]
- aluminium
- brick
- cardboard
- lead
- The data below shows the amount of radioactivity given off by a radioisotope as measured by a Geiger-Muller counter over a period of four hours.
time in hours 0 2 4 counts per minute (cpm) 400 200 100 Which of the following will be the reading after a time of 6 hours? [rad-52]
- 0 cpm
- 10 cpm
- 25 cps
- 50 cpm
People working with radioactive materials in hospitals wear special badges. These badges record how much radiation they have received during working hours. The radiation is detected in the badge by a? [rad-53] - Geiger-Muller tube
- photographic film
- pH meter
- thin sheet of plastic
- As a result of radioactivity we are always exposed to background radiation. Which of the following naturally contributes to back ground radiation? [rad-54]
- aluminium sheets
- granite rocks
- infra-red radiation
- lead piping
- As a result of radioactivity we are always exposed to background radiation. Which of the following naturally contributes to back ground radiation? [rad-55]
- radiation from outer space
- limestone rocks
- infra-red radiation from the Sun
- scrap steel
- As a result of radioactivity we are always exposed to background radiation. Which of the following has added to the natural back ground radiation? [rad-56]
- ultra-violet radiation from the Sun
- infra-red radiation from the Sun
- emissions from nuclear power stations
- scrap steel
- As a result of radioactivity we are always exposed to background radiation. Which of the following has added to the natural back ground radiation? [rad-57]
- ultra-violet radiation from the Sun
- infra-red radiation from the Sun
- waste material from a blast furnace
- testing atomic nuclear weapons
- The data below shows the amount of radioactivity given off by a radio-isotope as measured by a Geiger-Muller counter over a period of six hours.
time in hours 0 3 6 counts per minute (cpm) 600 300 150 Which of the following is the half-life of the radio-isotope? [rad-58]
- 75 cpm
- 150 cpm
- 2 hours
- 3 hours
- The data below shows the amount of radioactivity given off by a radio-isotope as measured by a Geiger-Muller counter over a period of eight hours.
time in hours 0 2 4 6 8 counts per minute (cpm) 500 356 250 178 125 Which of the following is the half-life of the radio-isotope? [rad-59]
- 125 cpm
- 250 cpm
- 4 hours
- 8 hours
- Which of these human activities has NOT increased background radiation? [rad-60]
- operating nuclear power stations
- treating cancer with gamma radiation
- using radioactive tracers
- using solar panels
An archaeologist in the year 3000AD is excavating the remains of Whitby School laboratories! Which object can be dated using its carbon-14 content? [rad-65] - glass beaker
- bunsen burner
- porcelain evaporating dish
- wooden test-tube rack
An archaeologist in the year 3000AD is excavating the remains of Whitby School laboratories! Which object can be dated using its carbon-14 content? [rad-66] - glass beaker
- bunsen burner
- wooden laboratory bench
- plastic dish
An archaeologist in the year 3000AD is excavating the remains of Whitby School laboratories! Which object can't be dated using its carbon-14 content? [rad-67] - glass beaker
- mummified dissected rat
- rubber tubing
- plastic dish
An archaeologist in the year 3000AD is excavating the remains of Whitby School laboratories! Which object can be dated using its carbon-14 content? [rad-68] - charcoal from a reduction experiment
- burette
- rubber tubing
- plastic dish
The diagram shows a production line for making sheet material rapidly (eg steel, paper or plastic). However, to ensure good quality control the thickness of the sheet must be continually monitored. To do this without stopping the process, a weak radioactive beta source and detector can be used to measure the thickness. The resulting electronic signal can be used to control the roller motors. Why is it unsuitable to use a gamma radiation source to monitor the thickness? [rad-69] - not enough gamma radiation is absorbed to give an accurate detector signal
- you cannot protect workers from the effects of gamma radiation
- too much gamma radiation is absorbed on the surface to check the thickness
- gamma radiation affects the properties of the sheet
The diagram shows a production line for making sheet material rapidly (eg steel, paper or plastic). However, to ensure good quality control the thickness of the sheet must be continually monitored. To do this without stopping the process, a weak radioactive beta source and detector can be used to measure the thickness. The resulting electronic signal can be used to control the roller motors. Why is it unsuitable to use an alpha radiation source to monitor the thickness? [rad-70] - not enough alpha radiation is absorbed to give an accurate detector signal
- you cannot protect workers from the effects of alpha radiation
- too much alpha radiation is absorbed on the surface to check the thickness
- alpha radiation affects the properties of the sheet
The diagram shows a production line for making sheet material rapidly (eg steel, paper or plastic). However, to ensure good quality control the thickness of the sheet must be continually monitored. To do this without stopping the process, a weak radioactive beta source and detector can be used to measure the thickness. The resulting electronic signal can be used to control the roller motors. Why is it suitable to use a beta radiation source, rather than an alpha or gamma source, to monitor the thickness? [rad-71] - you can easily protect workers from the effects of beta radiation
- the beta signal changes in a regular way with thickness changes
- too little alpha radiation is absorbed on the surface to check the thickness
- gamma radiation affects the properties of the sheet
The diagram shows a production line for making sheet material rapidly (eg steel, paper or plastic). However, to ensure good quality control the thickness of the sheet must be continually monitored. To do this without stopping the process, a weak radioactive beta source and detector can be used to measure the thickness. The resulting electronic signal can be used to control the roller motors. If the signal from the beta detector becomes too large, what will the electronically controlled rollers do? [rad-72] - the rollers will be speeded up
- the rollers will be slowed down
- the rollers will be moved further apart
- the rollers will be moved closer together
The diagram shows a production line for making sheet material rapidly (eg steel, paper or plastic). However, to ensure good quality control the thickness of the sheet must be continually monitored. To do this without stopping the process, a weak radioactive beta source and detector can be used to measure the thickness. The resulting electronic signal can be used to control the roller motors. If the signal from the beta detector becomes too low, what will the electronically controlled rollers do? [rad-73] - the rollers will be speeded up
- the rollers will be slowed down
- the rollers will be moved further apart
- the rollers will be moved closer together
The radioactive isotope Americium-241 (half-life 453 years) emits alpha radiation and is used in smoke detector alarms. The alpha emitter and detector give a constant signal until the alpha radiation is stopped by smoke particles. If the signal changes the alarm is triggered. Why is an alpha source rather than a beta or gamma source? [rad-74] - alpha radiation is the least biologically harmful
- alpha radiation is the most easily stopped by a barrier
- alpha radiation can detect smoke anywhere in the room
- alpha emitters become more active if the temperature rises
Radioactive tracers can be used to find leaks in pipes underground. The gamma emitter, Iridium-183 (half-life 54 minutes) can be used. Why is iridium-183 a suitable radioactive tracer to use? [rad-75] - gamma radiation has no harmful effect on wildlife
- an alpha emitter would do long-term harm to the environment
- gamma radiation is penetrating enough to be detected outside the pipe
- beta radiation could not be detected in the soil with a Geiger counter
The radioactive isotope Americium-241 (half-life 453 years) emits alpha radiation and is used in smoke detector alarms. The alpha emitter and detector give a constant signal until the alpha radiation is stopped by smoke particles. If the signal changes the alarm is triggered. Why is it essential the radio-isotope has a long half-life? [rad-76] - so the battery doesn't run down
- so the smoke detector will last for hundreds of years
- so the signal remains constant for several years
- alpha emitters with a long half-life become more active if the temperature rises
Radioactive tracers can be used to find leaks in pipes underground. The gamma emitter, Iridium-183 (half-life 54 minutes) can be used. Why is iridium-183 a suitable radioactive tracer to use? [rad-77] - gamma radiation has no harmful effect on wildlife
- an alpha emitter would do long-term harm to the environment
- the half-life is quite short
- beta radiation could not be detected in the soil with a Geiger counter
- Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describes radioactivity? [rad-78]
- the spontaneous emission of energy from an atomic nucleus
- a very exothermic chemical reaction
- a nuclear change that is started by heating the radioactive material
- a chemical reaction that gives out radio waves
- Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describes radioactivity? [rad-79]
- a very exothermic chemical reaction
- the breakdown of unstable nuclei in atoms
- a nuclear change that is started by heating the radioactive material
- a chemical reaction that gives out radio waves
- Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describes radioactivity? [rad-80]
- a very exothermic chemical reaction
- a chemical reaction that gives out radio waves
- a nuclear change that is started by heating the radioactive material
- atoms breaking up in a random manner unaffected by temperature or pressure
- People working in nuclear power stations wear special badges. These badges contain thin sheets of paper, aluminium and lead over sections of photographic film. Which of the following BEST describes the function of the badge? [rad-81]
- the film measures the amount and type of any radiation absorbed
- the film only measures the amount of alpha radiation received
- the film only measures the amount of beta radiation received
- the film only measures the amount of gamma radiation received
- Which of A to D describes the greatest danger from radioactive substances? [rad-82]
- the emitted radiation can pass through clothing and cause skin burns
- the emitted radiation can cause damage to the ozone layer
- the emitted radiation can cause cell damage and cancer
- there is no safe way of storing radioactive waste
Radioactive tracers can be used in medicine to help diagnose problems with for example, blood supply, liver and lung function. The patient is injected with an aqueous solution containing a small amount of the radioisotope (in the case of lungs, air containing a little radioactive gas). The location and movement of the tracer can followed by standing the patient against a detection screen. Why is an alpha emitting radioisotope NOT suitable as a tracer? [rad-83]- alpha radiation is biologically the most harmful
- alpha radiation produces unwanted side-effects on the patient
- alpha radiation cannot penetrate the body to reach the detector screen
- alpha radiation is too penetrating and passes through the detector screen
- Radioactive tracers can be used in medicine to help diagnose problems with for example, blood supply, liver and lung function. The patient is injected with an aqueous solution containing a small amount of the radioisotope (in the case of lungs, air containing a little radioactive gas). The location and movement of the tracer can followed by standing the patient against a detection screen. Why is a beta emitting radioisotope NOT suitable as a tracer? [rad-84]
- not enough beta radiation can reach the detector screen
- beta radiation produces unwanted side-effects on the patient
- beta radiation is biologically the most harmful
- beta radiation is too penetrating and passes through the detector screen
- Radioactive tracers can be used in medicine to help diagnose problems with for example, blood supply, liver and lung function. The patient is injected with an aqueous solution containing a small amount of the radioisotope (in the case of lungs, air containing a little radioactive gas). The location and movement of the tracer can followed by standing the patient against a detection screen. Why is a gamma emitting radioisotope the most suitable tracer to use? [rad-85]
- alpha radiation is biologically the most harmful
- beta a radiation produces unwanted side-effects on the patient
- gamma radiation can penetrate the body to reach the detector screen
- beta radiation is too penetrating and passes through the detector screen
- Which of the following radioactive sources is the most suitable for monitoring the thickness of a fast moving production line of aluminium? [rad-86]
- Americium-241, half-life 458 years, emits alpha radiation
- Iridium-183, half-life 54 minutes, emits gamma radiation
- Technitium-99, half-life 6 hours, emits gamma radiation
- Chlorine-36, half-life 30000 years, emits beta radiation
- Which of the following radioactive sources is the most suitable for monitoring any holes in a fast moving paper production line? [rad-87]
- Chlorine-36, half-life 30000 years, emits beta radiation
- Iridium-183, half-life 54 minutes, emits gamma radiation
- Technitium-99, half-life 6 hours, emits gamma radiation
- Americium-241, half-life 458 years, emits alpha radiation
- One gram of each of the following chemicals was placed at a distance of 2 cm from a Geiger-Muller tube and counter. The results are given below. The background count was found to be 34 counts/minute. Which chemical is the most radioactive? [rad-92]
- calcium carbonate, 39 counts/min
- copper sulphate, 52 counts/min
- potassium chloride, 72 counts/min
- sodium chloride, 35 counts/min
- One gram of each of the following chemicals was placed at a distance of 2 cm from a Geiger-Muller tube and counter. The results are given below. The background count was found to be 34 counts/minute. Which chemical is the least radioactive? [rad-93]
- calcium carbonate, 39 counts/min
- copper sulphate, 52 counts/min
- potassium chloride, 72 counts/min
- sodium chloride, 35 counts/min
- One gram of each of the following chemicals was placed at a distance of 2 cm from a Geiger-Muller tube and counter. The results are given below. The background count was found to be 34 counts/minute. Which chemical has a radioactivity of 5 counts/min? [rad-94]
- calcium carbonate, 39 counts/min
- copper sulphate, 52 counts/min
- potassium chloride, 72 counts/min
- sodium chloride, 35 counts/min
- One gram of each of the following chemicals was placed at a distance of 2 cm from a Geiger-Muller tube and counter. The results are given below. The background count was found to be 34 counts/minute. Which chemical has a radioactivity of 18 counts/min? [rad-95]
- calcium carbonate, 39 counts/min
- copper sulphate, 52 counts/min
- potassium chloride, 72 counts/min
- sodium chloride, 35 counts/min
- Which of the following may have increased the level of background radiation? [rad-96]
- exploring space
- mobile telephones
- microwave ovens
- nuclear reactors
A series of different barriers was placed between a radioactive source and a Geiger-Muller tube and counter. This was to find out which types of radiation was being emitted by the radioactive substance. The results are shown in the table below. Which type or types of radiation were being emitted? [rad-97]EXPERIMENT COUNT RATE in counts/minute Background radiation 30 No absorber 2000 Thin paper absorber 1500 4 mm thick sheet of aluminium 30 - alpha particles and beta particles
- alpha particles and gamma rays
- beta particles and gamma rays
- gamma rays only
- A series of different barriers was placed between a radioactive source and a Geiger-Muller tube and counter. This was to find out which types of radiation was being emitted by the radioactive substance. The results are shown in the table below. Which type or types of radiation were being emitted? [rad-98]
EXPERIMENT COUNT RATE in counts/minute Background radiation 30 No absorber 2000 Thin paper absorber 1500 4 mm thick sheet of aluminium 1500 - alpha particles and beta particles
- alpha particles and gamma rays
- beta particles and gamma rays
- gamma rays only
- A series of different barriers was placed between a radioactive source and a Geiger-Muller tube and counter. This was to find out which types of radiation was being emitted by the radioactive substance. The results are shown in the table below. Which type or types of radiation were being emitted? [rad-99]
EXPERIMENT COUNT RATE in counts/minute Background radiation 30 No absorber 2000 Thin paper absorber 2000 4 mm thick sheet of aluminium 1500 - alpha particles and beta particles
- alpha particles and gamma rays
- beta particles and gamma rays
- gamma rays only
- A series of different barriers was placed between a radioactive source and a Geiger-Muller tube and counter. This was to find out which types of radiation was being emitted by the radioactive substance. The results are shown in the table below. Which type or types of radiation were being emitted? [rad-100]
EXPERIMENT COUNT RATE in counts/minute Background radiation 30 No absorber 2000 Thin paper absorber 2000 4 mm thick sheet of aluminium 2000 - alpha particles and beta particles
- alpha particles and gamma rays
- beta particles and gamma rays
- gamma rays only
- A series of different barriers was placed between a radioactive source and a Geiger-Muller tube and counter. This was to find out which types of radiation was being emitted by the radioactive substance. The results are shown in the table below. Which type or types of radiation were being emitted? [rad-101]
EXPERIMENT COUNT RATE in counts/minute Background radiation 30 No absorber 2000 Thin paper absorber 30 4 mm thick sheet of aluminium 30 - alpha particles and beta particles
- alpha particles only
- beta particles and gamma rays
- gamma rays only
- A series of different barriers was placed between a radioactive source and a Geiger-Muller tube and counter. This was to find out which types of radiation was being emitted by the radioactive substance. The results are shown in the table below. Which type or types of radiation were being emitted? [rad-102]
EXPERIMENT COUNT RATE in counts/minute Background radiation 30 No absorber 2000 Thin paper absorber 2000 4 mm thick sheet of aluminium 30 - alpha particles and beta particles
- alpha particles only
- beta particles only
- beta particles and gamma rays
- The half-life of radioactive thorium-234 is 24 days. A sample contains 8g of thorium-234. After how many days will it contain only 4g of thorium-24? [rad-103]
- 24 days
- 48 days
- 72 days
- 96 days
- The half-life of radioactive thorium-234 is 24 days. A sample contains 8g of thorium-234. After how many days will it contain only 2g of thorium-24? [rad-104]
- 24 days
- 48 days
- 72 days
- 96 days
- The half-life of radioactive thorium-234 is 24 days. A sample contains 8g of thorium-234. After how many days will it contain only 1g of thorium-24? [rad-105]
- 24 days
- 48 days
- 72 days
- 96 days
- The half-life of radioactive thorium-234 is 24 days. A sample contains 8g of thorium-234. After how many days will it contain only 0.5g of thorium-24? [rad-106]
- 24 days
- 48 days
- 72 days
- 96 days
- The half-life of radioactive thorium-234 is 24 days. A sample contains 8g of thorium-234. After how many days will it contain only 0.25g of thorium-24? [rad-107]
- 48 days
- 72 days
- 96 days
- 120 days
- Which part of the atom gives out the energy when radioactive decay occurs? [rad-108]
- electrons
- nucleus
- protons
- shells
- Cobalt-60 is a source of radioactivity. Which of the following is TRUE. The rate of radioactive decay? [rad-109]
- decreases if the source is heated
- increases if the source is heated
- stays the same if it is heated
- stops if source is cooled to a very low temperature
- Cobalt-60 is a source of radioactivity. Which of the following is TRUE. The rate of radioactive decay? [rad-110]
- stays the same if the source is stored under water
- increases if the source is heated
- increases if the source is dissolved in acid
- stops if source is cooled to a very low temperature
- Some radioactive material is stored in a plastic sachet. No radiation can be detected through the sides of the sachet when tested with a Geiger-Muller tube and counter. The radiation emitted from the material must be? [111]
- alpha particles only
- alpha particles and beta particles
- beta particles only
- gamma rays only
- Which of the following radioactive sources would need the greatest thickness of lead to prevent harmful radiation escaping into the environment? [rad-112]
- alpha emitting source
- beta emitting source
- gamma emitting source
- alpha and beta emitting source
- Cobalt-60 is a gamma-emitting radioactive isotope. The radiation it gives out is best described as? [114]
- electrons from an atomic nucleus
- high frequency electromagnetic radiation
- electrons from a shell
- the nuclei of helium atoms
- Plutonium-234 is an alpha-emitting radioactive isotope. The radiation it gives out is best described as? [115]
- electrons from an atomic nucleus
- high frequency electromagnetic radiation
- electrons from a shell
- the nuclei of helium atoms
- The half-life of the isotope carbon-11 is 20 minutes. Which of the following is a true conclusion that can be made from the statement? [rad-116]
- any given amount of this isotope will only last 40 minutes
- due to its short half-life, all of the carbon-11 must have disappeared by know
- half of any amount of this isotope will decay in 20 minutes
- if broken in half, the half-life of each piece of carbon-11 will be ten minutes
The diagram shows a production line for making sheet material rapidly (eg steel, paper or plastic). However, to ensure good quality control the thickness of the sheet must be continually monitored. To do this without stopping the process, a weak radioactive beta source and detector can be used to measure the thickness. The resulting electronic signal can be used to control the roller motors. Why is it unsuitable to use a gamma radiation source to monitor the thickness? [rad-121] - an ammeter
- Geiger-Muller tube
- a photographic film
- a voltmeter
- The radioactivity due to naturally occurring uranium minerals in rocks contributes to what is known as? [rad-122]
- atmospheric radiation
- background radiation
- solar radiation
- surrounding radiation
- The radioactive source gives a high reading on the Geiger counter. This drops to almost zero when a piece of paper is placed between the radioactive source and the Geiger-Muller tube. The type of radiation given out by the source is? [rad-123]
- alpha
- beta
- beta and gamma
- gamma
- People who work with radioactive materials wear a photographic film badge in order to? [rad-124]
- assess their level of exposure to radiation
- enable them to detect high levels of radiation
- identify themselves as workers in the nuclear industry
- shield themselves from the dangers of radiation
- Which type of radioactive emission can pass through a thin sheet of aluminium? [rad-125]
- alpha only
- beta only
- gamma only
- beta and gamma
- Which type of radioactive emission can pass through paper but not through a thin sheet of aluminium? [rad-126]
- alpha only
- beta only
- gamma only
- beta and gamma
- Which type of radioactive emission can pass through paper? [rad-127]
- alpha only
- beta only
- gamma only
- beta and gamma
- Which type of radioactive emission are stopped by a thin sheet of aluminium? [rad-128]
- alpha only
- beta only
- alpha and beta
- beta and gamma
- The path of an underground leaking pipe can be traced using a radioactive tracer emitting? [129]
- alpha particles
- alpha and beta particles
- beta particles
- gamma radiation
- The Atomic Number of an element is? [rad-2]
- the number of neutrons in the nucleus
- the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
- the number of protons in the nucleus
- the number of electrons in the outer shell
- The Mass Number of an element is? [rad-3]
- the number of neutrons in the nucleus
- the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
- the number of protons in the nucleus
- the number of electrons in the outer shell
- The properties of four particles are described below. Which is an electron? [rad-7]
- mass = 1/1850, electric charge = -1
- mass = 1, electric charge = 0
- mass = 1, electric charge = +1
- mass = 4, electric charge = +2
- The properties of four particles are described below. Which is a beta particle? [rad-8]
- mass = 1/1850, electric charge = -1
- mass = 1, electric charge = 0
- mass = 1, electric charge = +1
- mass = 4, electric charge = +2
- The properties of four particles are described below. Which is a neutron? [rad-9]
- mass = 1/1850, electric charge = -1
- mass = 1, electric charge = 0
- mass = 1, electric charge = +1
- mass = 4, electric charge = +2
- The properties of four particles are described below. Which is a proton? [rad-10]
- mass = 1/1850, electric charge = -1
- mass = 1, electric charge = 0
- mass = 1, electric charge = +1
- mass = 4, electric charge = +2
- The properties of four particles or radiations are described below. Which is an alpha particle? [rad-11]
- mass = 1/1850, electric charge = -1
- mass = 1, electric charge = 0
- mass = 1, electric charge = +1
- mass = 4, electric charge = +2
- The properties of four particles or radiations are described below. Which is gamma radiation? [rad-12]
- mass = 1/1850, electric charge = -1
- mass = 1, electric charge = 0
- mass = 4, electric charge = +2
- mass = 0, electric charge = 0
- Which of the two particles W, X, Y and Z represent different isotopes of the same element? [rad-13]
Particle W: 13 protons, 14 neutrons, 13 electrons
Particle X: 13 protons, 14 neutrons, 14 electrons
Particle Y: 14 protons, 13 neutrons, 14 electrons
Particle Z: 14 protons, 14 neutrons, 14 electrons- W and X
- X and Y
- X and Z
- Y and Z
- The symbol for an atom of sodium is
. Which is the correct numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons in this atom? [rad-14]- 11 protons, 12 neutrons, 11 electrons
- 12 protons, 11 neutrons, 11 electrons
- 23 protons, 12 neutrons, 11 electrons
- 23 protons, 11 neutrons, 23 electrons
- The radioactivity in counts per minute of an isotope was measured over a period of 8 hours. The results are shown in the table below.
time in hours 0 2 4 6 8 counts per minute (cpm) 400 200 100 50 25
What is the half-life of the radioisotope? [rad-15]- 2 hours
- 4 hours
- 6 hours
- 8 hours
- Which of the following could be the symbol for a beta particle? [rad-19]
- symbol Q
- symbol W
- symbol Y
- symbol Z
- Which of the following could be the symbol for a proton particle? [rad-20]
- symbol Q
- symbol W
- symbol Y
- symbol Z
- Which of the following could be the symbol for an alpha particle? [rad-21]
- symbol Q
- symbol W
- symbol Y
- symbol Z
- Which of the following could be the symbol for gamma radiation? [rad-22]
- symbol Q
- symbol W
- symbol Y
- symbol Z
Carbon-14 is radioactive and has a half-life of about 6000 years. At the moment a tree died, the carbon-14 content would have been 1000 units. The carbon-14 content of an axe handle made from this tree is now only 250 units. How old is the axe handle? [rad-25] - 12 000 years
- 18 000 years
- 24 000 years
- 30 000 years
Carbon-14 is radioactive and has a half-life of about 6000 years. At the moment a tree died, the carbon-14 content would have been 2000 units. The carbon-14 content of an axe handle made from this tree is now only 250 units. How old is the axe handle? [rad-26] - 12 000 years
- 18 000 years
- 24 000 years
- 30 000 years
Carbon-14 is radioactive and has a half-life of about 6000 years. At the moment a tree died, the carbon-14 content would have been 4000 units. The carbon-14 content of an axe handle made from this tree is now only 250 units. How old is the axe handle? [rad-27] - 12 000 years
- 18 000 years
- 24 000 years
- 30 000 years
Carbon-14 is radioactive and has a half-life of about 6000 years. At the moment a tree died, the carbon-14 content would have been 4000 units. The carbon-14 content of an axe handle made from this tree is now only 125 units. How old is the axe handle? [rad-28] - 12 000 years
- 18 000 years
- 24 000 years
- 30 000 years
Carbon-14 is radioactive and has a half-life of about 6000 years. At the moment a tree died, the carbon-14 content would have been 8000 units. The carbon-14 content of an axe handle made from this tree is now only 125 units. How old is the axe handle? [rad-29] - 12 000 years
- 18 000 years
- 24 000 years
- 36 000 years
- In the radioactive decay of a certain isotope, alpha particles are emitted. Which of the following
describes an alpha particle? [rad-34]
- a helium atom that has broken into two equal sized particles
- a helium atom that has gained two electrons
- a helium atom without two electrons
- two helium atoms fused together
- The data below shows the amount of radioactivity given off by a radioisotope as measured by a Geiger-Muller counter over a period of four hours.
time in hours 0 2 4 counts per minute (cpm) 400 200 100 Which of the following will be the reading after a time of 8 hours? [rad-51]
- 0 cpm
- 10 cpm
- 25 cpm
- 50 cpm
Radioactive carbon-14 has a half-life of 5600 years. This is used by archaeologists to date objects made from once living organic material such as wood or bone. How old is an object made of organic material if the radioactive 14C content has fallen to half of the original value when it was part of a living plant or animal? [rad-61] - 5600 years
- 11200 years
- 16800 years
- 22400 years
Radioactive carbon-14 has a half-life of 5600 years. This is used by archaeologists to date objects made from once living organic material such as wood or bone. How old is an object made of organic material if the radioactive 14C content has fallen to a quarter of the original value when it was part of a living plant or animal? [rad-62] - 5600 years
- 11200 years
- 16800 years
- 22400 years
Radioactive carbon-14 has a half-life of 5600 years. This is used by archaeologists to date objects made from once living organic material such as wood or bone. How old is an object made of organic material if the radioactive 14C content has fallen to an eighth of the original value when it was part of a living plant or animal? [rad-63] - 5600 years
- 11200 years
- 16800 years
- 22400 years
Radioactive carbon-14 has a half-life of 5600 years. This is used by archaeologists to date objects made from once living organic material such as wood or bone. How old is an object made of organic material if the radioactive 14C content has fallen to a sixteenth of the original value when it was part of a living plant or animal? [rad-64] - 5600 years
- 11200 years
- 16800 years
- 22400 years
The paths of four different types of radiation from radioactive substances are shown in the diagram. Which is likely to be that of a particle with a mass of 4 and an electric charge of 2+? [rad-88]- ionising radiation Q
- ionising radiation W
- ionising radiation Y
- ionising radiation Z
- The paths of four different types of radiation from radioactive substances are shown in the diagram. Which is likely to be that of a particle with a mass of 1/2000 and an electric charge of -? [rad-89]
- ionising radiation Q
- ionising radiation W
- ionising radiation Y
- ionising radiation Z
- The paths of four different types of radiation from radioactive substances are shown in the diagram. Which is likely to have a mass of zero and an electric charge of zero? [rad-90]
- ionising radiation Q
- ionising radiation W
- ionising radiation Y
- ionising radiation Z
- The paths of four different types of radiation from radioactive substances are shown in the diagram. Which is likely to be that of a particle which forms gaseous helium atoms when absorbed by a barrier? [rad-91]
- ionising radiation Q
- ionising radiation W
- ionising radiation Y
- ionising radiation Z
- The half-life of the isotope carbon-11 is 20 minutes. Which is a true conclusion that can be made from the statement? [rad-116]
- any given amount of this isotope will only last 40 minutes
- due to its short half-life, all of the carbon-11 must have disappeared by know
- half of any amount of this isotope will decay in 20 minutes
- if broken in half, the half-life of each piece of carbon-11 will be ten minutes
- Atom X has a half-life of 10 minutes and atom Y has a half-life of 5 minutes. At the start of an experiment there was 8g of X and 8g of Y. How much of X and Y will be left after 20 minutes? [rad-117]
- 4g X, 2g Y
- 2g X, 0.5g Y
- 1g X, 4g Y
- 0.5g X, 2g Y
- Atom X has a half-life of 10 minutes and atom Y has a half-life of 5 minutes. At the start of an experiment there was 8g of X and 8g of Y. How much of X and Y will be left after 10 minutes? [rad-118]
- 4g X, 2g Y
- 2g X, 0.5g Y
- 1g X, 4g Y
- 0.5g X, 2g Y
- Atom X has a half-life of 10 minutes and atom Y has a half-life of 5 minutes. At the start of an experiment there was 8g of X and 8g of Y. How much of X and Y will be left after 30 minutes? [rad-119]
- 4g X, 2g Y
- 2g X, 0.5g Y
- 1g X, 0.125g Y
- 0.5g X,0.25g Y
- Atom X has a half-life of 5 minutes and atom Y has a half-life of 15 minutes. At the start of an experiment there was 8g of X and 8g of Y. How much of X and Y will be left after 30 minutes? [rad-120]
- 4g X, 2g Y
- 2g X, 0.5g Y
- 1g X, 0.125g Y
- 0.125g X, 2g Y
- Starting with
Which is formed by nuclear changes involving the emission of 2 alpha particles and 2 beta particles? [rad-130] -
- Starting with Which is formed by nuclear changes involving the emission of 3 alpha particles and 2 beta particles? [rad-131]
-
- Starting with , which is formed by nuclear changes involving the emission of 1 alpha particle and 2 beta particles? [rad-132]
-
- Starting with , Which is formed by nuclear changes involving the emission of 1 alpha particle and 1 beta particle? [rad-133]
-
- Starting with
, which is formed by the emission of 4 beta particles and 6 alpha particles? [rad-134] -
- Starting with , which is formed by the emission of 5 beta particles and 7 alpha particles? [rad-135]
-
- Starting with , which is formed by the emission of 2 beta particles and 6 alpha particles? [rad-136]
-
- Starting with , which is formed by the emission of 6 beta particles and 8 alpha particles? [rad-137]
-
Which particle is missing to complete this radioactive decay equation? [rad-138]-
Which particle is missing to complete this radioactive decay nuclear equation? [rad-139]-
Which particle is missing to complete this nuclear equation to show the formation of a trans-uranium element? [rad-140]-
Which particle is missing to complete this nuclear equation? [rad-141]-
Thorium-234 undergoes radioactive decay. What new isotope is formed? [rad-142]-
Uranium-238 undergoes radioactive decay. What new isotope is formed? [rad-143]-
Uranium-235 undergoes radioactive decay. What new isotope is formed? [rad-144]-
Radium-227 undergoes radioactive decay. What new isotope is formed? [rad-145]-
Uranium-235 readily undergoes fission when hit by a neutron. Deduce the other major isotope of barium or lanthanum missing from the nuclear fission equation? [146]-
Uranium-235 readily undergoes fission when hit by a neutron. Deduce the other major isotope of barium or lanthanum missing from the nuclear fission equation? [147]-
Uranium-235 readily undergoes fission when hit by a neutron. Deduce the other major isotope of barium or lanthanum missing from the nuclear fission equation? [148]-
Uranium-235 readily undergoes fission when hit by a neutron. Deduce the other major isotope of barium or lanthanum missing from the nuclear fission equation? [149]-
