All substances are made of basic particles called atomsbondscompoundelectronselementsformulagroupsnucleuspropertiessharingsymbolstransferring. Substances that are made of only one sort of atom are called atomsbondscompoundelectronselementsformulagroupsnucleuspropertiessharingsymbolstransferring. The periodic table is laid out so that vertical columns of elements with similar atomsbondscompoundelectronselementsformulagroupsnucleuspropertiessharingsymbolstransferring form so-called atomsbondscompoundelectronselementsformulagroupsnucleuspropertiessharingsymbolstransferring of like elements.

Atoms have small central atomsbondscompoundelectronselementsformulagroupsnucleuspropertiessharingsymbolstransferring around which there are moving atomsbondscompoundelectronselementsformulagroupsnucleuspropertiessharingsymbolstransferring. When atoms react, new chemical atomsbondscompoundelectronselementsformulagroupsnucleuspropertiessharingsymbolstransferring are formed that hold the atoms together. Bonds are formed by atoms atomsbondscompoundelectronselementsformulagroupsnucleuspropertiessharingsymbolstransferring (giving or losing/taking or gaining, ) or atomsbondscompoundelectronselementsformulagroupsnucleuspropertiessharingsymbolstransferring electrons. In a chemical atomsbondscompoundelectronselementsformulagroupsnucleuspropertiessharingsymbolstransferring elements are represented by chemical atomsbondscompoundelectronselementsformulagroupsnucleuspropertiessharingsymbolstransferring. When different elements chemically combine together a atomsbondscompoundelectronselementsformulagroupsnucleuspropertiessharingsymbolstransferring is formed.