3p. The covalent bonding in the methanol molecule
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Brown's Chemistry: Chemical Bonding and structure GCSE level, IGCSE, O, IB, AS, A
level US grade
9-12 level Revision Notes
*
metals \ non-metals (zig-zag line)
Pd |
metals |
Part of the modern Periodic Table
Pd = period,
Gp = group |
metals => non–metals |
Gp1 |
Gp2 |
Gp3 |
Gp4 |
Gp5 |
Gp6 |
Gp7 |
Gp0 |
1 |
1H Note
that hydrogen does not readily fit into any group but is a
non-metal |
2He |
2 |
3Li |
4Be |
atomic number
Chemical Symbol eg 4Be |
5B |
6C |
7N |
8O |
9F |
10Ne |
3 |
11Na |
12Mg |
13Al |
14Si |
15P |
16S |
17Cl |
18Ar |
4 |
19K |
20Ca |
21Sc |
22Ti |
23V |
24Cr |
25Mn |
26Fe |
27Co |
28Ni |
29Cu |
30Zn |
31Ga |
32Ge |
33As |
34Se |
35Br |
36Kr |
5 |
37Rb |
38Sr |
39Y |
40Zr |
41Nb |
42Mo |
43Tc |
44Ru |
45Rh |
46Pd |
47Ag |
48Cd |
49In |
50Sn |
51Sb |
52Te |
53I |
54Xe |
6 |
55Cs |
56Ba |
Transition Metals |
81Tl |
82Pb |
83Bi |
84Po |
85At |
86Rn |
The
covalent molecule methanol from carbon combining with hydrogen
and oxygen |
A further selection of dot & cross
electronic Lewis
diagrams for covalent bonding in molecules, particularly simple organic
molecules.
Only the outer valency electrons
are shown for carbon,
nitrogen, oxygen and chlorine.
Can you deduce these electronic
diagrams of covalently bonded molecules for yourself?
Ex. 10 nitrogen
N2; Ex. 11 ethane C2H6;
Ex. 12 chloromethane CH3Cl
and Ex. 13 methanol CH3OH.
Electronic origin of the diagrams showing the outer electrons of N, C, Cl and O:
N at.
no. 7 (2.5), H at. no. (1), C at. no. 6 (2.4), Cl at. no. 17 (2.8.7) and O at.
no. 8 (2.6) plus a variety of crosses and blobs!
The valencies or combining
power in these examples are N 3, H 1, C 4, Cl 1 and O 2, so, these
valency numbers correspond to the number of electrons the atom needs to give a
stable outer shell - that's what valency is all about!
Only the outer electrons are shown in the dot
and cross diagram of methanol below.
2D displayed formulae
and 3D impression of the displayed formula
3D ball and stick model of methanol CH3OH
3D space-filling model of methanol CH3OH
The full
Lewis dot and cross diagram for the methanol molecule showing the inner shell
electrons of carbon and oxygen
Comments
Melting point of methanol -98 oC
Boiling point of methanol 65 oC
Methanol is a colourless poisonous-toxic
liquid at room temperature.
What
next?
Recommend next:
Explaining the properties of small
covalently bonded molecules
Explaining the properties of small
covalently bonded molecules
Sub-index for
Part 3.
Covalent Bonding: small molecules & properties
Index for
ALL chemical
bonding and structure notes
Perhaps of interest?
Basic organic chemistry (GCSE level)
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