3m. The covalent bonding in the nitrogen molecule
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Brown's Chemistry: Chemical Bonding and structure GCSE level, IGCSE, O, IB, AS, A
level US grade
9-12 level Revision Notes
*
metals \ non-metals (zig-zag line)
Pd |
metals |
Part of the modern Periodic Table
Pd = period,
Gp = group |
metals => non–metals |
Gp1 |
Gp2 |
Gp3 |
Gp4 |
Gp5 |
Gp6 |
Gp7 |
Gp0 |
1 |
1H Note
that hydrogen does not readily fit into any group but is a
non-metal |
2He |
2 |
3Li |
4Be |
atomic number
Chemical Symbol eg 4Be |
5B |
6C |
7N |
8O |
9F |
10Ne |
3 |
11Na |
12Mg |
13Al |
14Si |
15P |
16S |
17Cl |
18Ar |
4 |
19K |
20Ca |
21Sc |
22Ti |
23V |
24Cr |
25Mn |
26Fe |
27Co |
28Ni |
29Cu |
30Zn |
31Ga |
32Ge |
33As |
34Se |
35Br |
36Kr |
5 |
37Rb |
38Sr |
39Y |
40Zr |
41Nb |
42Mo |
43Tc |
44Ru |
45Rh |
46Pd |
47Ag |
48Cd |
49In |
50Sn |
51Sb |
52Te |
53I |
54Xe |
6 |
55Cs |
56Ba |
Transition Metals |
81Tl |
82Pb |
83Bi |
84Po |
85At |
86Rn |
The
covalent molecule of nitrogen combining with itself |
A further selection of dot & cross
electronic Lewis
diagrams for covalent bonding in molecules, particularly simple organic
molecules.
Only the outer valency electrons
are shown for carbon,
nitrogen, oxygen and chlorine.
Can you deduce these electronic
diagrams of covalently bonded molecules for yourself?
Ex. 10
nitrogen
N2; Ex. 11 ethane C2H6;
Ex. 12 chloromethane CH3Cl
and Ex. 13 methanol CH3OH.
Electronic origin of the diagrams showing the outer electrons of N, C, Cl and O:
N at.
no. 7 (2.5), H at. no. (1), C at. no. 6 (2.4), Cl at. no. 17 (2.8.7) and O at.
no. 8 (2.6) plus a variety of crosses and blobs!
The valencies or combining
power in these examples are N 3, H 1, C 4, Cl 1 and O 2, so, these
valency numbers correspond to the number of electrons the atom needs to give a
stable outer shell - that's what valency is all about!
Only the outer electrons are shown in the dot
and cross Lewis diagram of nitrogen below.
:N≡N:
is the displayed formula for nitrogen showing the unpaired electrons at each
end of the molecule
The electrons of a
nitrogen atom are a 2.5 configuration, so three of each need to be shared to
make a full outer shell for both atoms. Note the nitrogen
molecule therefore has a very strong triple bond.
The full
Lewis dot and cross diagram for the nitrogen molecule
Comments
Melting point of nitrogen -210 oC
Boiling point of nitrogen -196 oC
Colourless gas at room temperature.
What
next?
Recommend next:
The covalent bonding in the ethane
molecule
Explaining the properties of small
covalently bonded molecules
Sub-index for
Part 3.
Covalent Bonding: small molecules & properties
Index for
ALL chemical
bonding and structure notes
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